Peckskill Creek and Croton River, which rise in Dutchess and Putnam counties, run south westward across the north western part of Westchester County to the Hudson. Saw Mill River runs from Mount Pleasant to the Hudson at Yonkers; and Bronx River, the largest, Hutchinson's and Mamaroneck Rivers run south into the East River. Byram River runs from Westchester, principally in Connecticut, and forms two miles of the State boundary from its mouth in East River, which receives some other small streams from the south-east angle of Westchester County, direct across the south-west angle of Connecticut."

''The soil of this County admits of no general character, except that its tillage is productive to the agriculturist. The style of its agriculture is in the first order, if we except Dutchess. The lower part has considerable of ornamental farming and gardening, where are the seats of men of opulence, cultivated with much taste." The manufactures are numerous. White Plains and Bedford are the half shire towns. " Tarrytown, Sing Sing, and some others, are charming positions on the Hudson, where are small villages and landings with considerable trade. Tappan Bay, a wide place in the Hudson, is here three miles in width, where crowds of shipping are constantly seen passing in opposite directions, exhibiting a most elegant display of commercial activity."0

'• The County of Westchester is based on primitive rock called hypogene, or granite gneiss, long ridges of which intersect the county, with here and there small veins of iron ore and quartz. Large numbers of granite boulders are found here, both inland and on the coast ; also some fine quarries of white marble, and two silver and gold mines at Sing Sing and Peekskill." According to the late geographical survey the principal minerals are, white marble, iron ore, galena, sulphate of barytes, copper, iron and zinc, oxide of manganese, green carbonate of copper, serpentine, calcareous spar, phoshate of lime, hydrate and carbonate of magnesia, quartz, drusy, calcedony, agate, jasper, hyroxene, hornblende, asbestos, actynolite, homolite, hyderous anthophylite, felspar, stilbite, garnet, epicote, chenite, tourmaline, sphene, vandquelemite, magnetic pyrites, chromate of iron, red ochre and red chalk.