Arrows joining the various circles then give the routing of the papers through the whole of the journey. The comparison of the existing routine with the proposed routine can be seen by considering the solid lines and the dotted lines and by comparing the two distinct columns or lists at the right. Thirtynine operations may be counted in the present arrangement against five operations in the proposed arrangement. Though the drafting and the detail arrangement of this chart could be improved, the general scheme is nevertheless worthy of attention.

Chapter III

SIMPLE COMPARISONS INVOLVING TIME

THOUGH in making comparisons, the horizontal bar divided into blocks is superior to the circle divided into sectors, the circle and sector arrangement is not inaccurate when only the component parts of any unit are to be shown. In the case of Fig. 36, however, the comparison is between two circles, the divisions into component sectors being only an incidental feature. In this diagram, copied direct from '®°°

the Statistical Atlas of the 1900 Census, it is practically impossible to tell how much larger the foreign-born population was in 1900 than it was in 1850,

' 1S50

for it is necessary to compare the two circles on an area basis. To the average person this is an almost impossible task, because it is not feasible to fit one circle inside of the other visually as two horizontal bars may be fitted. If the circle for 1900 were estimated as twice the diameter of the circle for 1850, it would mean that the foreign-born population in 1900 was four times as great as that in 1850. If, however, the ratio were something less simple than this,