Copy for an illustration of this sort is very simply made by taking proofs from a cut of one man and then pasting these proofs on a long strip of paper until a row of the correct length is obtained. The whole arrangement can then be photographed down to produce the effect shown in Fig. 41. To avoid fractional men at the end of a row, it is usually easy to express the ratio with a sufficient number of men in each row or bar to get numerical correctness. Note that in Fig. 41 the whole arrangement is similar to that of Fig. 24 or Fig. 27 in Chapter II, the actual data being given at the left of the row or bar. It would have been better if the men in Fig. 41 had been faced to the left instead of to the right. The additional men in the row for 1911 would then appear to have joined the rear of the line rather than to have come in at the front of the line. ^

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Fig. 43. Comparison in Size of Trainload on the Chicago, Buriington & Quincy Railroad in 1901 and in 1912

Here one locomotive is above the other but both face in the wrong direction. Figures for the data are not given and the reader cannot tell whether the two lengths compared should include the locomotives or only the cars. Clearness could have been assured if the cars had been shown for comparison in solid black, with the locomotives included for pictorial effect, but only in outline