No data are given in Fig. 43, and it is impossible to tell whether the comparison between 1901 and 1912 should be based on the ratios of the whole length, including engines, or whether it should be based on the lengths for cars only. A ratio without the engines would be much larger than with engines. This chart is accordingly unreliable. The difficulty in regard to engines being included in the drawing could be entirely overcome if the freight cars were made in solid black, with the engines shown in outline only, so that the eye could judge the ratio between the solid black bars representing freight cars without including the outline drawings of the engines.

Often in charting information like that given in Fig. 44, vertical bars instead of horizontal bars are used. However, the figures given in Fig. 44 in conjunction with the bars make it desirable that the bars should here be horizontal in order that the figures may be read easily.

GRAPHIC METHODS

$990

$1,100 j

$1,380

$1,700

$1,880

THE RISE OF THE LOW-PRICED CAR SHOWING HOW THE AVERAGE VALUE OF EXPORTED AMERICAN AUTOMOBILES HAS DROPPED IN FIVE YEARS

World's Wort

Fig. 45. The Illustration and the Titles are Shown Above Exactly as Originally Printed

The reader is misled if he does not notice that the earliest year has been shown at the bottom instead of at the top. The wording of the two titles, when taken in conjunction with the chart, really adds to the general confusion