Percentage Distribution of the Expenses of Operating the Raihroads of the United States. The Combined Height of All the Curves Shown Equals 100 Per Cent on the Scale

This illustration represents the same data as Fig. 128. Here the percentage for each expense is read from the zero base line instead of from one to the other of the fluctuating lines on either side of an area. This method, though not so popular as the method of Fig. 128, pennits more accurate reading

Aveeks in a year, of course are necessary when the paper is used to represent weeks on the long dimension of the sheet.

Fig. 131 and Fig. 130 depict exactly the same data. In Fig. 131 the facts, Avhich in Fig. 130 were represented by areas, are shown as separate curves, each curve with its own base line. Having this series of separate curves on one sheet of paper permits an executive to compare the number of accidents in one department with the number of accidents in any other department at any one time, or to study

GRAPHIC METHODS

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HuEi"ber of aooldente occurring in each department, as rERCEMTASES OF THE TOTAL. 12 Months Averages.

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1910-11

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1911-12

1912-13

Fig. 130. Percentage of Accidents Occurring in Each Department of a Large Industrial Plant. Plotted Monthly by Twelve-month Averages

By this method, with a consteint width to represent 100 per cent, any great change in any component affects all other components. Here the decrease in construction accidents causes the areas depicting other accidents to increase in mdth, even though there may be no increase in the actual number of accidents. Compare Fig. 131