In Fig. 133 the straight line at the top of the chart does not have any significance, as it is due only to the co-ordinate ruling which serves as a background to the chart itself. The important part of the chart ends at the top of the shaded area. We may consider the top of the whole shaded area as a curve and read the values accordingly from the scales on the right- and left-hand sides. In fact, any curve on the whole chart may be considered as a sub-total, which includes all of those components or factors shown as separate areas beneath that curve. Thus the "Total Shop Cost" includes all those components shown below the "Total Shop Cost" curve.

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Fig* 133* Factors Entering into the Total Costs and Estimated Value of the Product

of a Manufacturing Plant

The various elements entering into total shop cost are plotted, each built up 0.1 the areas below. The "Estimated Valuation" is based upon market prices for the finished goods. Vertical distances between the "Total Cost" curve and the "Estimated Valuation" curve show the estimated profit. Note the use of dimension lines in combination with the scales

148 GRAPHIC METHODS

The use of engineering dimension lines in Fig. 133 is of interest, for the dimension hnes add considerably to the clearness of the drawing. In the center of the chart the vertical dimension lines on both sides of the names for each area show distinctly that the chart must be read on the basis of the vertical distance between the two curves on either side of any area.