Brodhead, John Romeyn. History of the State of New York, Vol. I (1609-1691). New York: Harper & Brothers, 1853.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 343 who had signed the declarations as deponents, when heard thereon, frequently asserting that the declarations were drawn up quite contrary to their meaning, it was ordered that no declarations should be of any force in that country unlessdrawn up by tlie Secretary or some other public persou qualified thereunto, but by no means with any such view as …

text -- five per cent -- is incorrectly applied, it having reference to freights and not to duties; according to Exemptions, article 10. 45. The merchants are treated agreeably to the regulations made therein. We know not what the petitioners mean by this article. 47. We think the Company has done enough, to wit: in conveying over, at the Company's expense, numbers of people …

The burgher, or other inhabitants of New Netherland, do not pay any beer or wine-excise ; the inn, or tavern-keeper, alone is obliged to pay the excise, which impost is less than of right belongs to the Company, and there is no cause for the inhabitants to complain on that account. 53. We are of opinion that the petitioners are utterly ignorant of the Company's property, and …

We are not aware of any other but the Dutch ell, measure and weight, being in use; and an order was issued, last summer, that all tiie inhabitants should bring their weights into the Company's warehouse, to be stamped anew there. 57. No complaint has been heard against the Company's grain measure. 5S. The petitioners ought to prove that the Director trades on his own account …

Where the principal is refused, 'tis fair that interest be paid, the rather as the Company itself pays interest. 60. 'Tis strange that these petitioners should say the Company's debts are not paid, inasmuch as they think those indebted to the Company ought not to pay their own debts ; as shown in the preceding article. 61. Our intention is that no goods from New England, not …

On the other hand, payment is refused of the lawful debts which the Company owes individuals, such as earned monthly wages, goods delivered, &c -- p. 313. 61. With a view to win those back whom he hath offended in the highest degree, Stuyvesant hath exempted the English, for a long time past, from the duty which the Dutch were obliged to pay; his caprice may be hence inferred …

The war was caused solely by the exaction from and refusal by the Indians of contributions which they did not owe; the injudicious expeditions and violence against them, and the cruel slaughter which first manifested itself in a mysterious toast pp. 304, 305. -- 66. Jacob Ryntges and Jacob Schermerhorn were banished, and their goods confiscated, for smuggling: the ban is …

Company,) that the Remonstrants appeareth strange commence their introduction with calumnies against the Board, their Patroons, complaining of excesses and highly injurious neglect, which, if any existed, ought to have been represented in season to the said Patroons, by them in virtue of their commission dated 27 July, 1G49, communicated for the first time, on the 9'^ of …

If the petitioners know of any Directors here, who have preferred their own private interests to the general advantage of the Company, contrary to their oath and honor, they ought to state it, or be bound yet to do so. Failing therein it is answered, that the petitioners do in no wise refer to the Company's government, inasmuch as they speak of matters which transpired before …

The Directors do not select any agents but such as they consider qualified, and are approved by their High Mightinesses and by them provided with regular Commission and Instruction. And as regards the case of Jochini Pitersen and Cornelis Melyn, who have been punished for reasons more fully set forth in their sentence, the Board finds it particularly strange that these people …

N.) say; but this is true that the latter represent the Supreme government and the Company, administering justice conformably to Commission and Instruction, in the name of their High Mightinesses, his Highness and of the Company. 8. We cannot understand what the petitioners would express by the 8"" Article. We never heard before that the Director spoke harshly to those who …

But these men separated themselves from the well-disposed and secretly induced a few low inhabitants to sign their names, who, also, have contributed each a few pennies to the delegation, as more fully can appear by the particular signatures, or procuration affixed to the Remonstrance; hence, 'tis probable that these persons abuse the name of the Commonalty, as the …

The Director hath not the administration of the money that was taken up on the plate but Jacob Couwenhoven, who is one of the petitioners, hath kept account of it in his quality of churchwarden. 16. 'Tis acknowledged that the Company is indebted to the Deaconry, nine or ten hundred guilders, according to the tenor of the obligation thereof drawn up in New Netherland A" 1649 …

The Charter accorded by their High Mightinesses to the Company shows that the judgments of the Director and Council are final. 21. Respecting this article, we refer to the sentence. 22. This article we refer, as above, to the sentence. 23. We are informed and therefore say, that the petitioners will not prove that the late Director, Willem Kieft, hath called in more than one …

The Director had signed the patent on the report of Hudde, the Surveyor, without specifying therein the number of morgens. HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 341 And after information had been received from said Jan Eversen (one of the petitioners) and others, the Director allowed Tonis Nyssen agreeably to the Freedoms, as much of said valley as he should have need of in proportion to his …

The petitioners must show that Commissary Adriaen de Keyser, is unqualified for his office. 28 and 29. We are not aware that the Director esteems Jelmer Tomassen and Paulus Leendersen to be thieves. Jelmer Tomassen is in this country ; if needs be, he will willingly answer the petitioners. 30. On proof of this article by the petitioners, the Fiscal will be recalled. 31. As …

Sruyvesant any person's arms; but 'tis very true, that in 1648, a few hath confiscated snaphaiince were found on board the Valckenier and Pynnppel, on arriving in New Netherland, in the hands of some freemen and sailors, who said they had brought them for their personal defence. And as they had not provided themselves with a certificate from the Chamber at Amsterdam, pursuant …

We are informed that the English in the colony of New Haven, in New England, had, contrary to ancient custom, protected the Company's servants and freemen who had run away, and, though requested, would not allow them to return to their Lords and Masters. A Proclamation was then issued, with the advice of the Council, that whosoever would come over to us from thence, should be …

In consequence of housekeepers and other common people in New Netherland coming frequently before the court, with declarations drawn up by this or t'other sailor, and those HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 343 who had signed the declarations as deponents, when heard thereon, frequently asserting that the declarations were drawn up it was ordered that no quite contrary to their meaning …

It is Company hath received five per cent, but in reality sixteen per cent, not true that the according to contracts made with merchants in the premises; they enjoy, in return, trade which the Company might otherwise retain to themselves agreeably to the charter and the ; text -- five per cent -- is incorrectly applied, it having reference to freights and not to duties …

'Tis to be considered that, in New Netherland, only a beer and wine-excise is levied, which is paid by the Tapsters alone ; the rest of the inhabitants are untaxed and do not pay any excise- Si. The late Director Kieft, having great need of money, collected, in New [Netherland], in supplies for the people, the duties which the traders were bound to pay to the Directors at …

56. Heretofore there has been no currency but Wampum among the common people, in New Netherland ; the Wampum which formerly passed at the rate of four for a stiver, was reduced to six. We are not aware of any other but the Dutch ell, measure and weight, being in use; and an order was issued, last summer, that all the inhabitants should bring their weights into the Company's …

And it can be proved by the books, that the debts were incurred previous to tlie war, and accrued from clothing, provisions and other necessary supplies advanced by the Directors to the people who went from Holland the most of whom now ; can pay. Where the principal is refused, 'tis fair that interest be paid, the rather as the Company itself pays interest. 60. 'Tis strange …

Tt is not known, and proof is demanded, tiiat orders have been given by us to trade in articles of contraband. 63. Tine fort belonging to the Company has, for want of means, not been properly repaired ; the petitioners, though requested, would not aid in repairing it, although 'twas designed for their own defence; and the additional embarrassments of the Company prevented …

We never authorized nor countenanced the war; but on all occasions, ordered that every possible attempt be made to preserve peace. 66. Jacob Reyntjes and Schermerhoorn were not banished for smuggling; but because they purchased the Company's arms from its Corporal, and traded them away to the Indians; as can be proved by their letters, signed with their own hands. 67. That we …

We cannot discover from the Remonstrance of the delegates from New Netherland, with what view these people have come hither, inasmuch as the entire of their complaints is filled with calumnies, not only against the Director, but especially against us, their Patroons, who, therefore, cannot presume otherwise but that these people intend, on the one hand, to rid themselves of …

We are respectfully of opinion that, if these people have anything to represent or to request, they, as has already been said in the beginning, ought to have applied to the Board of Directors, in conformity to their credentials, addressed to this Chamber. Done at the Hague, the 3P' January, 1650. (Signed) P. Marcus de Vogelar. Jacob Pergens. ISAACK VAN BeECK. Petition of the …

Independent of the petitioners and their constituents being public, and for the country's interests, sworn individuals, who therefore in such case deserve full credit, their proofs are as palpable as the sun at clear noon, inasmuch as they have asserted, that disorder and an insufferable government, with their consequences, in conjunction with the covetousness of some …

commerce almost with the entire universe ; yea, is flourishing, whilst New Netherland, on the contrary, is a desert, usurped on the east side by the English, and on the southwest side by the Swedes, despite of first possession taken by this State; and is, moreover, impoverished, harassed and afflicted ; yea, reduced to utter ruin by the aforesaid bad government. Pending the …

now here at the Hague, also a chief cause of the ruin (as is to be seen by the copy of a petition hereunto annexed), be removed out of the country, and until population be encouraged, of which there is little appearance, unless your High Mightinesses will please to assume the supervision and protection of the country absolutely to yourselves, and to favor it with a good civil …

Wherefore we, the petitioners, in our quality aforesaid, have recourse to your High Mightinesses, humbly praying and urgently beseeching, as the Spring is at hand, and the season for preparation daily approaches, and the Delegates are here at heavy expense, that the affairs of New Netherland and its Redress be favorably considered, and that it be provisionally encouraged by …

Which doing, etc. (In the margin.) The States General of the United Netherlands have, after previous deliberation, placed this Remonstrance in the hands of the Lords Aertsbergen and the others their High Mightinesses' Deputies for the West India Company's affairs, to investigate and examine it; to extract the important points therefrom, and report on the whole. Done in the …

Cornelis New Netherland, your High Mightinesses' Melyn, Patroon on Staten Island in humble servant, respectfully showeth: That he repaired to New Netherland with your High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal and favorable letter, obtained here in the year 1648, against the sentence pronounced by Director Petrus Stuyvesant and his Council, on your Petitioner,and caused due …

And notwithstanding the Petitioner hath not been able to obtain, either before or after judgment, nor even after service was made of your High Mightinesses' Mandamus, nor after his indispensable protest, aught or any of the papers and documents against him whereby the judgment is claimed to be well sustained, nor sufficient copies thereof; notwithstanding the declaration of …

Therefore, in order to complain of the abovementioned frivolous, unfounded judgment, as well as to institute his further action which he hath against the abovenamed Secretary, the petitioner humbly applies to your High Mightinesses, respectfully requesting that you would be pleased to appoint time and place for the said Secretary to appear and to hear such demand and …

(Tn the margin was:) The States General of the United iNetherlands have, upon previous deliberation, placed this with the papers annexed, in the hands of Mess" van Aertsbergen and other their petition, High Mightinesses' Deputies for the West India Company's aff'airs, to inspect and to examine them, and to hear and understand the petitioner and Secretary van Tienhoven, who is …

Whereas Cornells Melyn, born at Antwerp, aged about five and forty years, inhabitant and burgher of the city of New Amsterdam, in New Netherland, hath dared, on the 2'^ May, 1645, and did (according to the sworn affidavit thereof being) set himself in opposition and contravention to justice, threatening the Honorable Director Kieft, at the time his lawful Governor and …

and opposition against him, Melyn, according to divers other affidavits taken and sworn to at the time he, Melyn, was convicted of slandering justice and the law here, saying -- Here be no justice ; he was not a subject of the Hon'''' Director ; the may occupy Hon'''' Director himself with the Company's servants -- he is a headstrong fool {een duyvcls kop), with many other …

appears, however, by his own confession made in our presence, on the 16"" July of this year, without torture or iron bands, that he had a knowledge thereof; confessing that his servants with soldiers had so attempted, but contrary to order and command, whereof he, however, hath neither since nor before complained nor given any information, which is proof enough that he …

Which We and our Council having investigated and inquired into, at the request of said many points of false and Director Kieft, said calumnious letter has been found to consist in defamatory lies, as is apparent and proved by experience itself, by the testimony of others heard to the number of fifteen, also by the declaration and answers of the co-signers. Whereupon the Fiscal …

Wherefore, the Hon'''*' Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General, with the advice of h^s Council, name of the High and Mighty Lords States General, his Serene administering justice in the Highness the Lord Prince of Orange, and the Hon'''"' Directors of the General Incorporated West India Company, hath sentenced and condemned, as he doth hereby sentence and condemn, the aforesaid …

That we, having looked into the further petition presented to us this day, in the name and on the behalf of Jochem Pietersen Cuyter and Cornells Melyn, our subjects and inhabitants in New Netherland, have enlarged, as we do hereby enlarge, the Mandamus on the other side hereof, to wit, that it may be served not only by a messenger, marshal, notary, but by such other person …

To Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, the IQ"" May, 1648. The Prince of Orange. Honorable, prudent, and discreet, specially dear. You will receive by the bearers hereof, Joachim Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells Melyn, the commands which the High and Mighty Lords States General have resolved to communicate to you, to the end that you allow these people to enjoy their …

This day, 22"* May 1648, Cornells Melyn handed in to the Assembly of the Directors of the West India Company in Amsterdam, a sealed letter from their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands. Done the day as aforesaid. (Signed) Guysbert Rudolphy. This day, the 2'^ January A" 1649, Cornelis Melyn handed to the Director General Petrus Stuyvesant and the …

On the 8"" of March, 1649, when the People were assembled in the Church by order of the Hon'''^ Director General Petrus Stuyvesant, Cornelis Melyn requested that the Mandamus granted by their High Mightinesses may be read and served there by the Nine Men, and that it may be read particularly by Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Whereupon, alter some discussion and obtained consent, it …

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 353 their Commission, read by me Arnold van Hnrdenbergh who summoned his Honor by virtue thereof, to appear, by the first opportunity, at the Hague before their High Mightinesses, there to hear such demand and conclusion as Cornells Melyn shall desire to institute or make against his Honor. Whereunto his Honor made answer, to the best of our recollection …

Augustyn Heerman, Witness. Jacob van Couwenhoven, Witness. (Endorsed) Certificate of the service made on Monday the S"" March 1649 on Director Petrus Stuyvesant, of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal in the matter of the judgment delivered the SS"" July 1647, in New Netherland, against Cornells Melyn ; by which will be seen Stuyvesant's disrespect of their …

honor their High Mightinesses and their Commission (I demand) reintegration and such satisfaction as that brings with it; I have now borne long enough with postpone. nent and fruitless promises; time is short and the vessels are making ready; if your Honor designs to make restitution or reparation, let it be done quickly, according to the tenor of the Mandamus if not, I hereby …

from their subjects, who must say what you please, are, in my opinion of no value and, as I, therefore, conclude, of no force in law. In case, then, all the documents proceedings and declarations, or one or any of them, which are to be used in law against me, are detained from me ; and in case they are refused me, and copies of the papers and documents are not furnished, as …

and against all the members of the Court generally, do I protest for and on account of all damage and losses already suffered or yet to arise, from the omission and neglect of orders and instructions to do what is right and their High Mightinesses command and expressly ; order you, in case you do not repent, to wit, sincerely and indeed, and not in fine phrases, as has …

Therein we have nothing to command ; neither does it quadrate with the tenor of the Mandamus. Who the delinquent is, God and the law have to decide. The protestor has never been refused copy of the judgment. The party must apply for the other papers in the suit and appear before the Judge who will have prudence and knowledge enough to decide what and which affidavits ought to …

Stuyvesant. (Endorsed) Protest on behalf of Cornells Melyn against Director Stuyvesant, and the Answer of Stuyvesant that he would send an Attorney; refuses the Protester's demand for copies of the papers to be used against him, as they must be applied for by the party. No. 10. We, the undersigned, at the request of Cornells Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted him …

Done as above, on the Manhatans, in New Netherland, etc. (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Adriaen van der Donck. (Endorsed) Anno 1649, 16 March. Return of service made on Lubbert van Dincklage, Vice-Director of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus, in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced in New Netherland, on l?'"" July, 1647, against Jochem Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells …

356 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. appear at the Hague before their High Mightinesses, by the first opportunity, there to hear and answer such demand and conclusion as Cornelis Melyn shall then make or institute against them, viz' -- 1" Monsieur -- La Monlagne: And his answer was that Cornelis Melyn should first give reasons for summoning him, and he should then communicate …

Jacob van Kouwenhoven. (Endorsed) Return of service, made the 16"" March, 1649, on the undernamed persons, in virtue of their High Mightinesses Mandamus, in case of appeal on the judgment pronounced on the 25"^ July, 1047, against Cornelis Melyn who made answer as foUoweth ; : -- Jean La Montague, demands cause of summons, and he would then answer. Brian Nuton, Captain …

On the sixteenth of March, did I, the undersigned, accompanied by Adriaen van der Danck and Jacob van Couwenhoven, at the request of Cornelis Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted him by their High Mightinesses, summon the Fiscal, Hendrick van Dyck, to appear, by the first opportunity, before High Mightinesses, at the Hague, and their there to hear such demand and …

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 357 (Endorsed) Jleturn of service of their High Mightinesses Mandamus, in the case of appeal on llie judgment pronouced against Cornelis Melyn, made on Fiscal Hendrick van Dyck, who instituted tiie suit, A" 1647. Whose answer was: -- Anno 1649, March 16. He was not a party to the suit. No. 13. On the 23"^ March, 1649, did we, the undersigned, at the …

So that we took no farther action, after that, in the matter. The 25th May, 1649, at the Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Adriaen van der Donck. (Endorsed) Return of the service of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced on Cornelis Melyn the 25"' July, 1647, in New Netherland, made on Cornelis van …

-- 358 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. (Endorsed) Return of the service and summons made on Jan Jansen Damen, on the 23'' March, 1649, in virtue of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced in New Netheriand, on 25"' July, 1G49, against Cornells Melyn. 1649, 23 March. Answer: Is ready to come whenever he is served with their High …

We declare the above to be true and trustworthy on our manly troth in place of oath which, if necessary, we shall tender. This 10"" August, 1649. Manhatans, New Amsterdam, New Netheriand. (Signed) L. van Dincklage. La Montagne. (Endorsed) Declaration of Vice-director Lubbert van Dincklage and La Montagne, from which it appears That Director Stuyvesant said he had received …

That he, witness, accordingly in the beginning of December of the aforesaid year 1640, did begin to distil Brandy at the requirant's house, but having continued therein six or seven months, he, the witness, must give up that work, as the aforesaid Kieft and the requirant found it expedient to let the Brandy be. He further declares that the aforesaid Commander Kieft himself …

All these aforesaid acts and declarations have I, the undersigned Notary, found, after comparison to agree with their originals; at the Hague the 5"" February A°. 1650. Me teste. (Signed) M. Beeckman, Notar Publ. Resolution of the States General, referring the preceding papers. [ From the Kegiater of Weal India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Enyal Archives at the Hague. ] …

The settlement of the boundary is highly necessary, in order to avoid, in future, all difficulties with those of New England and Virginia ; it will also promote the quiet of the Dutch Nation in New Netherland, as many would be thereby encouraged to undertake Colonies, Bouweries and Plantations, in that country. This settlement of the boundary was, in my opinion, not easy to be …

Having been plainly tricked by the English out of the Fresh River, notwithstanding a block iiouse, called the Hope, had been erected 21 leagues up the river, in the year 1633, long before the English had been there, -- a sign of first and earliest possession -- nothing could, at first, be done in that quarter, except to repair said house, the Hope, and keep it as heretofore …

there ; this done, there need be no dread of the further progress of the English on that side, and the North river, whence most of the peltries are brought down, would also be protected. The North river is about eight leagues west of the East river at Greenwich. 4th. Long Island which extends in length from the heights opposite Staten Island, is washed on the south side by the …

The English of the Colony of New Haven settled two villages at the bight of the aforesaid inland sea, about three leagues from the East point of said Island ; one called Southampton, containing about 10 @^ 12 houses, [the other] Southold, about 30 houses. The undernamed towns are planted on said Island, and are all under the jurisdiction of their High Mightinesses the Lords …

The west point of the aforesaid sea being taken possession of in like manner, the villages of Southampton and Southold would be shut in ; after this is accomplished, Siketeu Hacky, Oyster bay and Martin Gerritsen's bay must also be taken possession of. The whole of Long Island would be thereby secured to New Netherland, and the design of the English in regard to the domination …

No difference has arisen between the Dutch and the English of Virginia on the subject of boundary, because they have not owned what we, Netherlanders, possess. However, it would not be impolitic to determine the boundary between Virginia and New Netherland, so that all future misunderstandings and differences on this head may be prevented. The settlement of the boundary by …

A clergyman; or, in his place provisionally, a Comforter of the sick, who could also act as schoolmaster. A surgeon, provided with medicines. A blacksmith, who is conversant with the treatment of horses and cattle. Three or four house-carpenters, who can lay brick. One cooper. , One wheelwright. Other tradesmen, such as tailors and shoemakers, follow with time. A necessary …

The foregoing is what I, with all submission, briefly, and according to my imperfect knowledge, communicate on paper to your High Mightinesses on the subject of the settlement of the Boundaries by possession, such as peopling it with one or more Colonies in New Netherland. I pray the All-wise God, to preside over your High Mightinesses' Assembly, and to be pleased to permit …

The Directors deputed by the West India Company do not deem it expedient to conjointly advise your High Mightinesses in the present instance on the affairs of New Netherland, and the places thereunto belonging, inasmuch as the superintendence thereof has hitherto been with the Chamber at Amsterdam, which, also specially declares its opinion thereupon, as to the manner that …

Afterwards, however, in October following, at the meeting of the XIX., in Zealand, it happened that some Chambers found it difficult to share the expense, and thus this superintendence has remained exclusively to this date with the Chamber at Amsterdam. Again, the Committee of the Amsterdam Chamber considered 'twould be better that those countries should remain bound to all …

As the islands of Curasao, Bonaire and Aruba have been found for many years to be only a burden to the Company, not producing any profit, we have, therefore, considered whether it would not be well to request permission of the Supreme government to give up said Islands: but if such were not feasible, 'twould, in our opinion, be best, to permit every one to establish Colonies …

As for the last mentioned country, we consider little or no change necessary in regard to Colonists who have planted Colonies there already, but to permit them to enjoy the Freedoms granted on the in the year 1630. But as those Colonists formerly complained that they were not allowed to export the products of their' lands for their own benefit beyond the territory of New …

We should above, all things consider it necessary to provide ways and means ; we are of opinion that permission should be obtained from the Magistrates of some Provinces and Cities, to take from the alms-houses or orphan asylums 300 (ai 400 boys and girls of 10, 12 to 15 years of age, with their consent, however, and that their passage and board could be procured for fl. 50 or …

Now, it will be in the highest degree necessary, to endeavor some settlement of Boundary with the English on any terms whatsoever; and as no opportunity might offer for the negotiation of any Boundary line either in the name of King or Parliament, or of existing Powers, in in the government of England, we should not deem it consequence of violent interruptions unwise to …

In New England all the property and means of the people, as well of the highest as the lowest, are appraised by the Magistrates, and taxed according to each one's ability ; for the Pay of the Governor, Deputy Governor, Magistrates, Secretaries, Marshals and Constables. Pay of Military Officers who exercise the inhabitants continually under arms. The military officers are …

In the event of war occurring, as was the case a few years ago against the Pequatoos and other Indians, all the towns are obliged to furnish as many soldiers at their expense, at the place of rendezvous, as the General Court indicates, on condition of the latter providing their pay, rations and ammunition. The foregoing are the burthens which New England has, to my own …

In order, then first to describe those lands which are actually the most convenient and the best and ought to be occupied the earliest, where and how located, I shall enumerate the following places, and commend the remainder to the consideration of proprietors of this country. I begin then at the most easterly corner of Long Island, being a point situate on the Main Ocean …

Oijstcrbiiy, so called from the great abundance of fine and delicate oysters which are found there, is about a short league across, or in width at the mouth ; deep and navigable, without either rocks or sands, runs inland nearly west, and divides itself into two rivers, which are broad and clear, on which lie some fine maize lands, formerly cultivated by the Indians, some of …

Schout^s bay, on the East river, is also very open and navigable, with one river running into it; on said river are also fine maize lands, level and not stony, with right beautiful valleys. Beyond said river is a very convenient hook of land, somewhat large, encircled Ly a large valley and river, where all descriptions of cattle can be reared and fed, such convenience being a …

and Armonck.i In the Bay of the North river, about two leagues from Sandy Hook, lies an inlet or small bay; on the south shore of said bay, called Neysivcsinck, there are also right good maize lands which have not been cultivated by the natives for a long time. This district is well adapted for raising and feeding all sorts of cattle, and is esteemed by many not ill adapted …

This district was abandoned by the natives for two reasons ; the first and principal is, that finding themselves unable to resist the Southern Indians, they migrated further inland ; the second, because this country was flooded every spring like Renselaer's colonic, frequently spoiling and destroying their supplies of maize which were stored in holes under ground. Through this …

Boors and others who are obliged to work at first in Colonies ought to sail from this country in the fore or latter part of winter, in order to arrive with God's help in New Netherland early in the Spring, in March, or at latest in April, so as to be able to plant, during that summer, garden vegetables, maize and beans, and moreover employ the whole summer in clearing land and …

This being done in the winter, some plough right around the stumps, should time or circumstances not allow these to be removed ; others plant tobacco, maize and beans, at first.The soil even thus becomes very mellow, and they sow winter grain the next fall. From tobacco, can be realized some of the expenses incurred in clearing the land. The maize and beans help to support …

The farmer can get all sorts of cattle in the course of the second summer, when he will have more leisure to cut and bring home hay, also to build houses and barns for men and cattle. OF THE BUILDING OF HOUSES AT FIRST. Before beginning to build, 'twill above all things be necessary to select a well located spot, either on some river or bay, suitable for the settlement of a …

a ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and warm in these houses with their entire families for two, three and four years, it being understood that partitions are run through those cellars which are adapted to the size of the family.The wealthy and principal men in New England, in the beginning of the …

The hogs, after having picked up their food for some months in the woods, are crammed with corn in the fall when fat they are killed and furnish a very hard and clean pork a good ; ; article for the husbandman who gradually and in time begins to purchase horses and cows with the produce of his grain and the Increase of his hogs, and instead of a cellar as aforesaid, builds …

A good mare sells for 100 (3x 120 A stallion, 100 A milch cow, 60 @^ 70 A yearling sow, 12 @; 14 Sheep are not sold there. Tt is to be observed that in a Colonie each farmer has to be provided by his landlord with at least one yoke of oxen or with two mares in their stead, two cows, one or two sows, for the purpose of increase, the use of the farm and the support of his …

The skepel costs ordinarily 10 @^ 15 stivers when bought from the Indians. Beef, Vinegar, Pork, Peas and Butter or oil instead; Beans. Salad oil and vinegar are not easy to be had in that country except at an excessively high price from the Dutch traders. All this being arranged it must be noted what description of people are best adapted for agriculture in New Netherland, and …

A clergyman, comforter of the sick, or precentor who could also act as schoolmaster. A wheelwright. All other tradesmen would follow in time ; the above mentioned mechanics are the most necessary at first. In order to promote population through such and other means, the people must be provided with Freedoms and Privileges so as to induce them to quit their Fatherland, and …

The English of New England put this in practice, as is to be seen, after the land had been first brought to proper condition; they sell their provisions at the Caribbean Islands, staves at Madeira and the Canaries, masts and fish in Spain and Portugal and bring in return all sorts of commodities; so much of these returns as they do not consume, are again distributed by them …

The Company, at their own cost and in their own ships conveyed several boors to New Netherland, and gave these the following terms: The farmer, being conveyed with his family over sea to New Netherland, was granted by the Company for the term of six years a Bouwerie, which was partly cleared, and a good part of which was fit for the plough. The Company furnished Ihe farmer a …

The risk of the cattle dying is shared in common, and after the expiration of the contract the Company receives, if the cattle live, the number the husbandman first received, and the increase which is over, is divided half and half; by these means many people have obtained stock and, even to this day, the Company have still considerable cattle among the Colonists, who make use …

Observations on the Duties levied on Goods sent to New JSfetherland. [ From the OrigiDal in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague Loketkas of the Slates General ; ; EnbriCj West IndiscTie Compagnie^ No. SO ; 10th Divieion of the Bundle. ] Considerations on the subject of the duty which the Hon*'' West India Companylevies on the goods exported to New Netherland, and whether it were …

Now, in this way, the cost in New Netherland is, and must be, doubled if expenses are in any way to be realized. Again, 16 per cent, the same as on exportation from Netherland twice 16 make 32. This is a sum ; One hundred guu- Certain, which must be paid to the Company before a hundred guilders, ^" c-mfany before transmltt-cd from Netherland, can be reimbursed exclusive of the …

Loss experienced And then all the goods are again removed to the public store, broken open, bv the depreciation ohhe goods. , iii -i examined, remeasured, unpacked, thrown aside and damaged in a way that 'tis i, ,• <.. painful to behold. Frequently they are also detained so long that the best season for selling or trading them off" is lost. When, then, they are sold and …

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 373 2. 'Tis very true that the Company receives the money from the traders; yet it cannot be said to pay it out of its pocket. But here must be considered that the disbursements of How the mercharis duty, the Cartage to and from the public store, tlie abovementioned loss of time, cap'W- and other troubles, are computed by the merchants and skippers as …

And, by this means, what cost one guilder in Netherland, they order sold for two, two and a half, and often and most frequently, for withont snuiKgiins three guildcrs; and if they do not smuggle, or help themselves by contraband, 6o°gr"a'i! °anli"'iht thcv caunot retain so much clear profit, as all will testify who have ever traded goods are ear. ^^ ^^^ Netherland, The …

Therefore, to take off, or reduce the duty, would not be a relief exclusively for the merchants, but also for the poor Commonalty. What goods pay duty, and does the Company receive duly on all. Whatever gnes All goods which are entered and not smuggled oo pay duty, no matter whether i ./ openly t.> ST. Ni-lh- ./ eriaod pays dmy. the cargo is for Indians, or dry goods or …

Now this advantage by no means satisfies the public; for these petty traders spend freely which on the Again, they say: if we smuggle anything, that is our other hand small capital cannot justify. own gain; we run our risk, for if we be caught, we lose all; therefore if we gain anything, we wish to enjoy it alone. 4. As the greatest profit arises from powder, lead, guns and …

Thus considerable free of duty and nothing coming thence into English wares are consumed in New Netherland, and many goods from Holland by way of England and New England also come into New Netherland, which practice will probably so obtain in 2 or 3 years, that even if the duty remain, the Company will get nothing. Thus the Company receives the fourth part of the duties, but …

But on the contrary, this State will inevitably be subject to contempt and derision on tlie part of the English, (who in course of time will absorb the country) for suffering so very advantageous a position and so profitable a province as New Netherland to slip through its fingers, on account of some particular interests ; and for still lacking means, with a knowledge of the …

New Netherland would do well, and the people might properly be encouraged to go thither ; population might then be advanced in an orderly manner and with little trouble, and this State would, with poor and Beyr-nd Netherland wllHug people, who are iu each other's way here and almost perish of want, another Nethr*":ir , -mr . i t i i i*,t • i i n* i i eriand. rear up another …

We suppose that the Directors will maintain that it will be best for the Company to continue the duties. We are, nevertheless of a contrary opinion and say, that it would be HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 375 It would be better would be best for the Company in general to remove at once the New Netherlands tbatiiK-re w.'.ui.rbu dutv."^ But US this simple i position may r ^ not …

The doty diverts the "^^ ''^''^ exacting of duties diverts trade from here, for were the imposts removed, "'*''°" a greater and a larger business would be transacted at New Netiierland ; and this renders the duty with good reason unsavory to, and hated by all maritime cities, adapted to commerce, such as principally Amsterdam and similar places, which in this conjuncture do …

Now, were the duty abolished, the Company could, with a The Company could 8°°^ grace, put 3. stop to all its present expenditure there, leaving only one person to manage their revenue in that country, and to command the people. the'^'r^'enUs*'' of Whilst New N^tlierland. ° . r j you now give us nothing, you must detend , , yourselves; we cannot maintain any soldiers for you …

New Netherland. nor populate New Netherland; and if this do not happen, it will bring you into great disrepute with the English and Swedes. Again, your High Mightinesses will be continually troubled and disturbed by public and private petitions, until the entire country will become exclusively English. 7. Now, should the Hon'^'^Company answer to this: Whence shall we be paid …

Bclherland. , best . , . And this, in my opinion, is the , , ^ and only way to help the Company to what is its right, and lo retain the , ,...., country. For, if it be retained by the Company on a different plan, the latter will, from year 376 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. to year, get into more intricate labyrinths, and finally the English and Swedes will make away with the …

We are now and always ready, when 'tis your High Mightinesses' pleasure, to exhibit and produce the papers and letters, mentioned on the fifth instant, in your High Mightinesses' Assembly, 7 March, 1G50. Received 12 March, 1650. Petition of the Delegates from New Netherland. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; Lokelkas of the States General ; Eubric West …

The skipper and owners of said vessel further declare that, had they six times more accommodation or ships, they would all be filled; so that in the hope of better government, more passengers begin to set their faces towards New Netherland, according as passage and opportunity offer. As this tends greatly to the peopling and prosperity of that Province, we, therefore, are …

And that he, deponent, hath rejected fully as many as thirty persons, for the aforesaid reason, that he cannot accommodate any more people in his vessel ; further deponent saith not. Thus executed within the city of Haerlem aforesaid, on the fifteenth of March XVI" and fifty, in presence of Mathys Arentsen Zuyck and Govert van Liphorst, witnesses, invited for the verification …

Eedress and (Eoon- '^''^*' ^^^^^ ''^^ Provinces should pronouHcc on the following points: -- On the °™^' Redress and CEconomy drawn up for the West India Company and heretofore transmitted to the Provinces. Secondly, that extract of a Writing transmitted on the yV instant by the Chamber at Amsterdam to them, their High Mightinesses' Deputies, respecting the Tradeto New Netrade …

InTiandl'^n B^- ''^^^ their High Mightinesses have sent a reinforcement thither of twelve ships, "'' . . provisions, money for the pay of the soldiers, and supplies of shoes and stockings oiher Buppiies. ^^ be delivered to the Military, at such price as they are purchased here; all amounting to one hundred and twenty thousand guilders cash, and thirty thousand guilders in the …

On the abovenamed third point, it is resolved and concluded, that agreeably to the plan therein proposed, the President and Supreme Council in Brazil, and, mutatis mutandis, Lieutenant General Schoppe shall be written to and be respectively encouraged to the defence and maintenance of the forts and countries of Brazil. States General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India …

We have had an extract made, as annexed hereunto, of the information you sent on the ll"" instant to the Lords, our Committee, for the affairs of the West India Company of these parts, so far as mention was made, in the aforesaid information, Nevr Netherid. of frequenting New Netherland and of its trade, and transmitted said extract to the other Chambers of said Company …

Herewith is sent an extract from written information which Honorable, &c. the Directors of the West India Company, at Amsterdam, transmitted on the IJ"" instant to New Netheriand, our Committee in the matter of the West India Company of these parts. As mention is made in the aforesaid information of the resort to New Netherland and its trade, we, therefore, hereby request and …

100 are to be farmers and farm servants, and the remaining 100 such as the Amsterdam Chamber is accustomed to send over, conversant with agriculture, and to furnish them with necessary supplies for the voyage on the condition that the aforesaid Committee of the Company shall allow the New Netherland contractors here to have, or to draw from the duties New Netherland the sum …

Council in New IVetherland, permission to return earlier, and not allow them to depart without firstpaying double the amount of the passage, and in case it come to pass that the aforesaid two hundred persons be not put on ship-board within the aforesaid time, so as to be able to go to sea, the aforesaid Van der Donck, Couwenhoven and Boudt, shall forfeit to the Company, from …

And the New Netherland contractors declare that they do not intend to derive any profit beyond the return of cost which must be disbursed to obtain the passengers; they also bind themselves, the costs being deducted, to leave any overplus there may be, to be applied next year to the like conveyance of farmers or farm servants; whereunto they each oblige themse\\es in sotiditm …

Dele atesfromNew Assembly is advised that some Delegates from New Netherland having '^^^ Netherland. come here with power to convey from this country to that, a considerable number of farmers and other people, but that the aforesaid district being under the West India Company's jurisdiction, the Directors of said Company intend to draw some duties from the aforesaid country of …

Further, we duly received your High Mightinesses' letter of the 12"" instant slilo loci, that we should confer at the Hague with your High Mightinesses' Committee on the 26"" March, on the subject of the resort to New Netherland and of its trade, upon certain information transmitted by the Amsterdam Directors to your High Mightinesses' Committee for the afiairs of the West …

Received a from the Directors of the West India Company at the letter Chamber at Gronin- Chamber of the city of Groningen and Ommelanden, written at Groningen, Provisions for Bra- the 14"" iustant stilo loci, regarding the sending provisions to Brazil, and also the New Netherland. of New Netherland. affair Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that …

And whereas it is considered necessary that the population now under consideration be favored and encouraged in every way, their High Mightinesses charge him, the Director, and Council to take care that the country be not divested of Guns, horses, cows, horses and cows, also that provisions be retained to supply arriving Colonists, and the inhabitants generally furnished with …

Further, that said guns shall be distributed among the inhabitants of the city of ^evf Amsterdam and those who are capable of bearing arms, and also to other families spread throughout the Country, who shall be expressly ordered and obliged to keep their guns in good condition and to supply themselves with necessary powder, causing pertinent record to be kept of the guns …

nor molest those who came from New Netherland, and are about to return thither, on account of any representations that may have been made here ; and whereas we deem it expedient, that the population, which is now needed, should be favored and encouraged in every way, we direct and order you to take care that the country be not divested of horses and cows; also that supplies of …

You shall, moreover, distribute the aforesaid guns among the inhabitants of the city of New Amsterdam, and to all those who are capable of bearing arms, and to other families scattered throughout the country, with express command that they shall be obliged to keep their guns in good order, and to provide themselves witii requisite powder, keeping correct register of the guns …

The report being heard of Messrs. van Aertzbergen and other their High Mightinesses' Committee for the affairs of the West India Company, who pursuant to their High Mightinesses' resolutions looked into and examined certain petition of the guardians of johan Tan Rens- Johan Van Renssclacr, minor son of Kiliaen van Renselaer deceased, whereby they laer's guardians. requcst …

On the petition of Dirck van Schelluyne Notary here in the Hague, it is, after Kyneadmuied''Nl' previous deliberation, hereby resolved and concluded to admit the petitioner '*""" MiLd.^*" peaceably and quietly, in all loyalty, to exercise the office of Notary at the Manhatans, and further throughout the entire of NevF Netherland in all existing and future Colonies where the …

We, the aforesaid Dirck van Schelluyne have appointed and authorized, and do hereby appoint and authorize, to e.xercise the aforesaid profession of Notary at the abovenamed Manhatans and further throughout the whole of New Netherland, in all actual and future Colonies, where the petitioner keeps his domicile, or may on request or occasion, repair, giving him full power, to …

Assembly to get their Great Mightinesses there to cause to be introduced some Provincial motion on the petition of the delegates from New Netherland relative to the conveyance of two hundred or more farmers or other persons required in that country, and other matter appertaining thereunto. Whereupon deliberation being had, the members from Amsterdam are requested to …

Also that he had purchased on credit at a high price payable in the Spring, all the provisions which were on hand and necessary there, as the rivers are closed by the ice, and prevent approach ; whereby the poor people are reduced And as these matters are of very bad consequence and produce to extremity and great scarcity. many inconveniencies for New Netherland, as we could …

so thnt a sliip load of provisions amounts to a great Heal among so few people, more especially as mimy farms wliich were devastated by the war, are yet unsown by farmers and laborers and lie waste ; ail which cause want and scarcity. These being noted, as your Noble Mightinesses will furtiier see by the accompanying documents, the Delegates again most humbly turn to your …

When he spoke in behalf of the interests of the Company and the Country, Sluyvesant said, he should not sit wiih him, that he is a fomenter of sedition, and a vagabond ; and other similar tilings too numerous to be detailed here. Therefore, assistance is very much desired, for things begin to come to a crisis; we wish, then, that God would be pleased to send the delegates back …

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 387 On the 13 December, Anno 1649, the Hon'''* Mr. Dincklagen protests in Council against the Hon''''= Director Stuyvesant and Arent van Corlaer, in the name of their High Mightinesses, the Lord Prince of Orange and the Hon'''* West India Company, for having exported horses by the ship, the Prins, to Barbadoes, as Corlaer exhibits no license from their …

And to this end, having inquired into the system of government hitherto maintained in New Netherland, the heavy burtlieiis which the Company hath in con.sequence borne, and the small profii. derived therefrom, the destruction of the population, the neglect in applying remedies to errors and excesses; and, considering that your High Mightinesses cannot, and ought not any longer …

388 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. lieretofore for the government thereof, the increase and establishment of the population, raising and bearing of necessary taxes, the prevention of dangers and general ruin similar to what has been bitterly experienced for a few yearsand further, for the effectual removal of all sorts ; of evils and troubles, which have been elaborately …

Whereas their High Mightinesses have received the strange and unexpected in elligence that contributions have been demanded from the Aborigines of the country and, such having been refused, that the late Director Kieft, under pretense that the people so demanded by petition, signed, however, by merely three persons, had waged against those Aborigines an unnecessary, bloody and …

Thirdly, that those who, contrary to express orders and prohibition, have undertaken to sell and barter articles of contraband, such as guns, pistols, powder and lead to the Aborigines, and thus exposed themselves, with all those who actually reside, or hereafter may come to New Netherland, to the imminent danger of being suddenly attacked, massacred and driven ofT, shall be …

Fourthly, whereas their High Mightinesses learn that the people of New Netherland either are not obliged, or have themselves forgotten to possess and make use of arms necessary for their own defence, therefore, the inhabitants generally, shall be bound each to provide himself with a good gun and the requisite powder and lead, and be enrolled and formed into companies, have the …

Whereas it is found that greater pains have generally been taken to promote the fur trade than the agriculture and population of the country, the Supreme Council there, shall, in consequence, above all things, provide that cattle be not exported, but be as much as possible retained and reared there; also that a good quantity of grain be kept in store, to be furnished and sold …

The propositions as they are drawn shall be amplified for the relief of the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber and the increase of the public revenue, without embarrassing the Slate or West India Company, in such wise that instead of 20,000 guilders or thereabouts, which the Amsterdam Chamber now draws annually, it shall be able to derive fifty thousand guilders and by degrees …

For which purpose the Director and Council shall be bound to call a meeting of the Patroons of Colonies, or their agents, and of the deputies of the Commonalty, to be held within the city of New Amsterdam for the purpose of nominating four qualified persons from whom two shall be selected who shall be thereunto qualified by their High Mightinesses and those of the West India …

And a suitable person conversant with Agricultural matters and the nature of soils, shall be forthwith dispatched and sent by the first opportunity to New Netherland to take charge of the lands situated on both sides of the Great North river, extending southerly to the South river, and northerly to the Fresh river, with instruction based on the Considerations exhibited …

Finally, the sum of fifteen thousand guilders at least shall hereafter be annually appropriated from funds pointed out by the Delegates from New Netherland, for the conveyance of families, or those who will apply themselves to agriculture, and are not able to pay their passage and expenses. And for this purpose, two ships shall, agreeably to concluded arrangements, be …

The Directors of the Incorporated West India Company of the Chamber at Amsterdam, having communication of the annexed writing, and being ordered to submit their opinion thereon, state, under correction, as their conclusion on the first, That they most respectfully -- request to know how, and by what means it appears to their High Mightinesses that the war against the Indians …

New Amsterdam is provided, and none is yet required in the out-lying places. 8. This point is fully treated in the Freedoms. The purport of this article ought to be made clearer in order to render it intelligible. In all cases we cannot understand how the inhabitants can be brought to bear the expenses, inasmuch as it is already stated that they complain about a small impost …

The Directors consider this coming over to be entirely unnecessary, unless some reasons to the contrary be alleged. And in case some information be required on the affiiirs in New Netherland, in addition to what Secretary van Tienhoven can furnish, the Vice Director might come home. 15. They consider this to be co-dependent on the preceding. 18. The judicature ought to be left …

(Endorsed) Remarks of the West India Chamber at Amsterdam on the Provisional Order on the government, preservation and peopling of New Netherland. 11 April, 1650. Provisional order respecting the govern- Remarks of the Amsterdam Chamber. ment, preservation and peopling of 11 April, 1650. New Netherland. Messrs. van Aertsbergen and the other your The Directors of the West India …

aforesaid Directors, that they would receive all deduction in presence of their High Mightijust and respectful representations. And to nesses' deputies. this end, having inquired into the system of government hitherto maintained in New Netherland, the heavy burdens which the Company hath in consequence borne, and the small profit derived therefrom, the impeding The Directors …