the range of rugged hills that extend from its northeast corner at St George, to the old county town of Richmond near its center, probably sheltered quantities of small game and birds that supplemented the fish and shell-fish which teemed in the shallow waters surrounding the island and provided the natives with their readiest means of subsistence. The eastern and western shore-lines were deeply indented with marshy tracts, some extending far inland. The area available for cultivation was thus considerably reduced by mountain, marsh, and sand-dunes,

AND MONOGRAPHS

RICHMOND PATHS

RICHMOND PATHS

RICHMOND PATHS

RICHMOND PATHS

196 INDIAN PATHS (96) at which place, near the railroad station ,

on Richmond avenue, there is an ancient site, probably one of the earliest on the

island. At Stapleton (97) there was a station. Such sites on this side of the island could have been reached only by branch paths extending from some inland route, such as the Richmond and Amboy roads. These are indicated in Map I on the lines of old roadways which suggest the most natural routes.

INDIAN NOTES

<v --

IX-- PATHS IN NEARBY NEW JERSEY (Maps I; VIII, A; X)

A STUDY of the system of Indian paths in the Metropolis would be incomplete without consideration of those traversing the contiguous territory on the west side of the waters of the bay and of the great estuary of the Hudson. Staten Island, which is substantially a part of that territory, has already been ^

considered, and is found to have had an extensive occupancy, composed of natives owing allegiance to several chieftaincies. The narrow waterway that divided the island from the mainland on the west and north formed no tribal boundary. We find that the natives of the island held title on the west to a large part of the area of the towns of Woodbridge, Linden, and Elizabeth, and that those on the north were in close communication with their fellow