k-. ^ a, ..*«£. x^ fgto. %#+ « .'Site- «* s $&'\ *< '*<ite Mr*4 * ^ Vs"a-« V* ^o1 » & \V _ o * • *„• «£. A?> * V' ..... V <*** **- ^V* r <f> * o N ° ^ ^V r ^v ^ l «> * <V .u *- **>. o » • AND MONOGRAPHS HEYE FOUNDATION INDIAN NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS Edited by F. W. Hodge A SERIES OF PUBLICA- TIONS RELATING TO THE AMERICAN ABORIGINES INDIAN PATHS IN THE GREAT METROPOLIS REGINA…

REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON CONTENTS PAGE I. Introduction 15 II.Manhattan,. its paths and settlements 35 III.Upper Manhattan paths 68 IV. Paths in the Bronx 90 V. Indian paths in Kings county 129 VI. The Home-lands of the Canarsee. . . 147 VII. Native paths in the Borough of Queens 171 VIII. Richmond paths 187 IX. Paths in nearby New Jersey 197 Notes 207 Bibliography 212 Maps consulted 217 In…

Weir creek Indian village-site, Throgs neck 112 XL Foreshore of Weir creek Indian village-site, Throgs neck 114 XII. Van Cortlandt avenue, once the Indian Shore path 116 INDIAN NOTES ILLUSTRATIONS INDIAN PATlfS XXVI. The Indian pond, in the Indian field, alongside Mechawani- enck, the ancient pathway. ... 166 XXVII. The victims of prehistoric warfare buried at Ward point, near Tottenvi…

Werpoes, a village of the Manhattan Indians.A detailed topographic study of the native stations and paths in the vicinity of the present center of municipal government of the City of New York. In portfolio . . IV. Yorkville and East Harlem in aboriginal times. A detail of the topography of the district between 90th and 125th streets, from Fifth avenue to East river, showing the probable s…

Divided in four sections (see Map A, page 9), as follow: A. The northwesterly part of the Borough of the Bronx, from Williamsbridge to the boundary of the cit}r, and parts of Yonkers, Bronxville, Mount Vernon, and Eastchester. This section includes part of the Indian path known as Sackerah, between Williamsbridge, Eastchester, and Pelham. In portfolio . . B. The district of Pelnam neck, …

The Borough of Brooklyn, or Kings county, with the northeastern part of the Borough of Queens, or Queens county, on which are drawn the old native paths and the known Indian stations. The original shore-line, and the watercourses and marsh tracts, have been drawn from old maps and from maps of the United States Geological Survey. Divided in four sections, as follow (see Map A, page 9): …

The southeastern part of the Borough of Brooklyn, or Kings county, including part of Brighton and Manhattan beaches, Flatlands, Canarsie, and the eastern portion of Flatbush, up to East New York In portfolio IX. The Indian village-site at Gerritsen basin, from a survey and observations made by D. B. Austin. Facing page 154 X. Original map of eastern New Jersey showing the extent and cours…

HE narrow trails which, three centuries ago, afforded to the red man passage on his errands, and provided for him the means of intercommunication with his fellows, rendered to his white successors the important service of indicating the natural and readiest routes for their wagonroads. Thus they became in course of time the post-roads of the settled Colonists, which ultimately developed into so…

In some localities, however, their longcontinued use must have worn their surface deeply into the ground, and some such well-used paths have left traces in otherwise unchanged regions, and have been recognized by the recent explorer. It is not by a wholly speculative process, but rather by deduction, that the course of some unrecorded Indian trails may be traced in the windings of ancient highways…

A study of the topography of known Indian paths affords very clear indication of the reasons governing the selection of their route. Where the land lay reasonably level, the course was fairly direct, swerving only around obstacles such as rocky projections, and probably diverging to avoid heavy growths and fallen timber. The main objective being some other settlement or some neighboring native hau…

Plains scarce trodden by human kind save by the red man are clothed in all the beauty of their pristine verdure, while the rock-capped hills and the resonant forest echo back and forth the sounds of wild and savage life. Plumed songsters fill the woods and enliven our journey with their music. Perchance the shrill cry of the eagle, or the plaintive note of the cuckoo, or the busy hammer of …

The processes of trade, by which the products of the ocean were exchanged for those of the mountains, were probably the most potent influence in deciding the use of a given line of travel. Such barter would have extended over the whole year, since food and clothing were continuous necessities . Therefore the traffic could not always be conducted by the use of watercourses, and floating ice and sto…

that on the spring or other high tide, when the said rivers overflow they run into and cover the said swamp so as to meet one another." Armbruster considers that in ancient times the watercourses through the swamps may have been sufficient to float canoes between the Hudson and East rivers, At this favored place, sheltered from the west winds, provided with abundant water and nearby access to the…

We may assume that the path from this place was a well-trodden and probably widened way on which the bearers of bundles of furs, carcasses of moose and deer, baskets of oysters, and strings of fish, passed one another on their way to and from their distant homes. The line of this pathway was directed by the physical conditions of the tract over which it passed to a connection with the main trail a…

It turned eastward at this crossing, and cut across the present lots north of Waverly place, passing there between two hillocks, one of which was known as the Sandberg, or Sand hill, and that on the south by a native name, which Schoolcraft gives as Ispetong, probably Aspetong, referring to an elevated place. 6 The line of Astor place is doubtless the result of the junction of the two paths …

Here it turned sharply to the east, passing diagonally across Madison Square to 26th street at Madison avenue, the reason for this divergence being a convenient crossing over the head of a brook between two areas of marshy land at that point (see Map II). From this crossing it continued eastwardly over Madison avenue at 26th street, and thence diagonally toFourth avenue at 28th street. Its east si…

It thence passed the Cross road to Burr's corners (on the Middle road opposite the present Croton Reservoir) at 41st street, and the road to Turtle bay on the East River between 47th and 48th streets; thence crossed the 2nd avenue at 52nd street, and, recrossing it between 62nd and 63rd streets, entered the present 3rd avenue at the southeast corner of Hamilton Square, which extended from 6…

On the east shore of the island, along this line of the pathway thus described, there were some apparently desirable sites for Indian occupancy, such as at Kips bay, Turtle bay; and doubtless along the bluffs facing Blackwells island could have been found by interested observers in years gone by, the sites of fishing camps. But none of our predecessors in historical investigation seem have been su…

Access from the path, which ran in Central Park north of 88th street, was doubtless by a branch leaving the main trail near 95th street and crossing Fifth avenue somewhere near 96th street. A study of the topography of the locality is presented in Map IV. The name of this native station is recorded in. the deed for the sale of Rechewanis in 1669, though it has been misapplied to Harlem cre…

reached a point at the southwest corner of 111th street and Fifth avenue, whence it ran on a direct line over the broad and level meadow-land known as Muscoota, to a little creek on the Conykeekst tract, on which the tiny hamlet of New Haerlem was later formed at 125th street, just west of First avenue. Its line was adopted as one,, of the village streets, and as such was long known as "t…

The broad tract of level land on which this station was situated, extending north of the waters of Rechewanis and lying east of the Indian trail, between 108th street and 123d street, was known to the natives as "Conykeekst." 11 The queer name may have been more correctly Quinnikeek. As in other situations, the name was probably applied equally to the local settlement (98) and to its vicinity. The…

The path probably ran along the easterly side of the avenue, on INDIAN NOTES UPPER MANHATTAN 75 the line of the old Harlem lane, which was the successor of the Indian thoroughfare. The course headed directly across the level meadowlands now covered by modern Harlem, toward the foot of Washington Heights. Along its route at or near 115th street, at Seventh avenue, the pioneer white settler fixe…

At 195th street a brook, later known as "The Run," crossed the path from west to east, at the head of the swampy ground which extended in from Sherman creek (Map V). In the sloping ground north of the watercourse, which has been cultivated for many years as a truck garden, various objects of native handling have been turned up by the spade, but these are not sufficient to indicate its use…

This name is recorded in the deed of 28 September, 1669, as "the hook called Saperewack." The winding waterway from the head of kill Muscoota, at 225th street, was known as Paparinemin or Papirinemin, a name applied also to the island of Kingsbridge which bounded the stream on its northerly side, and which seems to be derived from the Delaware papallenumen, "to continually make a false st…

The Wading place is described as having been a short distance east of the original -- Fig. 1. Skull of an ancient denizen of Shorakapkok, disinterred on Seaman avenue near 204th street, Manhattan (Station 15, Map V). Kingsbridge, which in turn was east of the more recent bridge, now buried under Kingsbridge avenue (see Map VI). Stephen Jenkins, in his Story of the Bronx, places the situation of…

This island was a favored place for Indian residence, as it is sheltered by high hills in every direction, with an ample supply of fresh water. Its surface was composed largely of sand and cultivable soil.In the vicinity of 231st street, across the island, many traces of an occupied station have been found (18). Shell-pockets and scattered debris cover the upland, and near the middle of th…

leading from the various stations in the vicinity. have been a desir- It could not able place permanent residence, on for account of its exposure to every wind that blew, and its lack of water supply. It probably occupied the crest of the hill a few yards to the south of the site of old Fort Number One of the period of the Revolution, on which the house occupied at one time by the late William …

112 INDIAN PATHS Westchester creek at the wide and shallow part of that waterway, now spanned by Westchester bridge, as this appears to have been the only practicable direction in which access could have been gained to the extensive district of Throgs neck. The old Throgs Neck road extending from the Westchester bridge is a natural line of travel, and passes directly to a site (102) on St…

* ° A x Q S- h- < g u "J g> ^ LU >*5 O s: ^ O • z > < u co DC < bO ', 12 LU LLl >-i CD Z-S < z-a I LU ^ o -1 ^ ill h- < > < > THE BRONX THE BRONX x < I o ^ > ^c . or DC LU C u i- .2 > w - U S rf 0= X £ z o= O ^ ^ to 5^< ^2 4) x lu rd x £ ° |_ tn 3 •% 1 § £ X bb w I- -G * s o S z «*- Z> •£= o a THE BRONX 122 INDIAN PATHS River shore and necks in the southeastern part of …

Jenkins says, "Before the days of theOestdorp (Westchester) settlers it was a trail or path used by the Siwanoy." 18 It passed along the meadowlands of Westchester creek, starting from Main street at Silver street in the village of Westchester, and it followed higher ground near the edge of the marshes of the Acqueanounck until it crossed Pelham Parkway at the site of the old Ferris mansio…

The extensive shell-beds which are found at certain parts of the shore-line indicate a long period of settlement,and it is considered by Wood that the course of native migration had proceeded from the western end of Long Island to the eastern part. The tract composing the present borough, on the arrival of the white settlers was found to be largely a timbered district, around the margin of which t…

At this early settlement natives were still making their home as late as 1679, when Sluyter and Dankers, the Labadist monks, enjoyed the hospitality of the homestead, and noted in their diary the abundance and enormous size of the oysters gathered in the vicinity. Another nearby station was evidenced by the discovery by Adam Dove of a number of artifacts in the cut for the Shore Line railro…

This old path passes very near the place at 37th street where Indian objects were found, as above mentioned, and its extension across the center of Greenwood cemetery is directly toward the main line of trail on Flatbush avenue at or near Battle pass in Prospect Park (pi. xviii). It is the trail mentioned in a declaration made 4 April, 1677, by two natives, "Zemo Kamingh otherwise known in his wal…

144 INDIAN PATHS other the end of the Indian footpath, and that it extends to the creek of the third meadow, which land was previously sold by chief or sachem Ka." 28 That there were two paths in the Gowanus district is evidenced in a grant of April 5, 1642, by Kieft to Cornells Cool, of land u Gouwanes reaching in width from called the wagon road running through said land and Jan Pete…

It ran as far east of Flatbush avenue as the intersection of Prospect and Vanderbilt avenues, and passed* east of the Plaza, across Eastern Parkway, reaching a lofty place on the site of Prospect reservoir. This place was probably selected as a lookout. Thence the trail turned across Institute Park into Prospect Park, through the famous Battle pass of the Revolution, west of the present avenue, em…

Mashanscomacocke, "a much enclosed place," was the name of a tract in the vicinity of Flatlands, which was sold in 1664 by natives (pi. xxii). It included features that identify it as the Gerritsen Basin station. "Upland and marshes, anyway belonging thereto, as the Strawn [Strome] Beach or Beaches, as namely that running out more westerly, with the Island adjoining, and is at the same time by the…

The pond had other points of access, notably a sandy beach at the promontory near Avenue T, so that the inclusion of the Strome beach, or beaches, in the conveyance of 1664, indicates that the sellers were describing its characteristic features. The name Shanscomacocke appears to be that which is intended to describe this enclosed pond area, and as such was probably the name of the village…

A line drawn from the first point on the beach, through this tree, made the western boundary of Gravesend, "soe on a direct line to the Flatbush fence," which was struck at Foster avenue near Ocean parkway, meeting a similar line drawn on the east side from the head of Gerritsen creek through the white-oak tree first mentioned. The old path on the line of the King's highway led farther west to Gra…

The neck was probably an appurtenance of the natives of the Gerritsen Basin station, and its grantor, Guttaquoh, was perhaps the sachem of that settlement. Through these tracts the Gravesend Neck road connected the early settlements of Lady Moody and her companions, with the home and mill of Hugh Gerritsen at the Strome beach. It is so natural a line of travel, though it paralleled the Mech…

It is a very spacious tract, embracing within its area the old townships of Newtown, Flushing, Jamaica,and part of Hempstead, and the modern industrial district of Long Island City. It is divided from Kings county by a boundary-line drawn between the heads of Mespaetches or Newtown creek and the source of Spring creek, the Hohosboco of the natives. The borough includes the entire tract which was o…

Canapaukah, which seems to indicate a shut-in water place, was later known as Dutch kills. This inlet extended in to the heart of Long Island City, its source being near the approach to the Queensboro bridge at Rapelye and Freeman avenues. Armbruster considers the name to indicate a bears' water place, and thinks that this was indication of Canarsee ownership. The southwest extension of the creek …

The path, if such there was, wound its way through the timber, which in later years was all cut off, through the narrow neck of dry land between the heads of the Sunwick and Canapaukah creeks, near the present entrance to the approach of the Queensboro bridge. The name of the "creek, called Sunwick," means "a stone house," according to Tooker, and is another illustration of the Indian practice of …

The name which was thus applied to the creek in the conveyance above mentioned, was probably that of the sea-shore path which followed its course, as pointed out by Tooker, 32 corresponding as it does to the Delaware words shajahik, "seashore," and aney, "a path." Such a pathway, if extended through the Mispat village as it might have been, on the line of Trimble avenue, would have been an impor…

It became known later as the Jamaica and Brooklyn plank road, and sometimes as the Old Ferry road. In the village of Bedford it crossed, at the Four Corners, the junction of the Clove road, which was an old lane that may still be traced in part in the line of Canarsie avenue from Montgomery street southward to its old junction with the Canarsie lane, now the south boundary of the Cemetery …

That legend recorded the pursuit by the natives of "Manetto," the Evil Spirit, through Westchester county to the Sound shore, where, escaping to City island, he stepped across to a safe retreat on Long Island by the use of the Stepping Stones, leaving the imprint of one foot which may still be seen upon a bowlder near Eastchester. He is said to have landed from his leap over the Sound in Flushing …

the range of rugged hills that extend from its northeast corner at St George, to the old county town of Richmond near its center, probably sheltered quantities of small game and birds that supplemented the fish and shell-fish which teemed in the shallow waters surrounding the island and provided the natives with their readiest means of subsistence. The eastern and western shore-lines were deeply i…

considered, and is found to have had an extensive occupancy, composed of natives owing allegiance to several chieftaincies. The narrow waterway that divided the island from the mainland on the west and north formed no tribal boundary. We find that the natives of the island held title on the west to a large part of the area of the towns of Woodbridge, Linden, and Elizabeth, and that those on the no…

Constable point was practically an island separated from Bayonne by a wide tract of marsh with watercourses extending from Centerville to the Kill van Kull. At Gamoenepa (118), the modernized form of which name is Communipaw, a Hackensack station was continued up to Colonial times, situated upon the point of dry land which there extended into the waters of the Upper bay, directly opposite …

Through these mountain trails there doubtless flowed a great part of the traffic that brought the pelts and game of the wild forests Manhattan, and carried to back again over their steep and tortuous courses the coveted beads of wampum for which they had been exchanged. • The Minisink path was an important native highway which connected the bay of New York and the sea coast with the mou…

Oneof the most important boundary lines was the Minisink path, which traverses the region between the two rivers above mentioned, and was used as the western boundary of the earliest native conveyance, comprising that tract contiguous to Staten Island from Amboy to Elizabeth, which it states was "claimed by the Indians of Staten Island" and was sold by them in 1664. The point of its crossin…

Harrington, who says: "Taking into account the interchangeability of the letters / and r, the Delaware roots of these names, both of which are used, might belexau-taney-k, 'at the sandy town,' or lexau-tuk, 'sandy river.' 5. Minetta or Manetta. This brook was not sufficiently distinctive to deserve a title derived from the Manitto, the Great Spirit, nor could it have had any connection wi…

Far from indicating a great space of sand, as has been suggested by Riker and others, the precise derivation appears to be the Delaware lexau-hannes-s or "sand-streamlittle," descriptive of the small creek that flowed between its sandy banks. Rechewas point thus appears as hxau-es or "little sand point."-- M. R. Harrington. 11. Conykeekst. The Delaware kwene-akies-k indicates the character o…

A more satisfactory definition of the name applied to this hilltop station than has been heretofore suggested, is found in the Delaware mbinishkeu, or as it appears in its Natick form, nip-nishkeneunque, signifying muddy or dirty water. This could be • very reasonably applied to the rain-water pond which in certain seasons filled the hollow space back of the site of the old -- Tippett dwe…

The Delaware lenniga-xunk, or Bark-house hill, is a satisfactory and distinctive description,according with the native settlement on the hill, the traces of which -- were above described. M. R. Harrington. 25. The patent of 1646 to Van Tienhoven describes Breukelen as "formerly called Marechkawick." The village plantinggrounds were in the vicinity, as described in the grant of land to Fr…

State Museum, Albany, 1900. -, Indian Names of New York, Fayetteville, N. Y., 1893 Bolton, R. P.-, The Indians of Washington Heights, Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, vol. in, New York, 1909. , New York City in Indian Possession, Indian Notes and Monographs, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, vol. n, no. 7, New York, 1920. Bolton, Rev. Robert, The …

American Indian, Heye Foundation, vol. ii, no. 1, New York, 1915. Higgins, Charles M., Brooklyn and Gowanus in History, Kings County Historical Society Magazine, August, 1916. (The) Indians of Greater New York, Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, vol. in, New York, 1909. Innes, J. H., Ancient Newtown, The Newtown Register, Elmhurst, L. I., 1898-1899. , New Amsterdam a…

Indian Geographical Names, Proceedings , of New York State Historical Association, 1906. Schrabisch, Max, Indian Rock-shelters in Northern New Jersey and Southern New York, Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, vol. in, New York, 1909. Indian Habitations in Sussex County, New Jersey, Geological Survey of New Jersey, Bulletin 13, Union Hill, N. J., 1915. Skinner, Alans…

Trumbull, James H., Indian Names in Connecticut, Hartford, 1881. Ulmann, Albert, A Landmark History of New York, New York, 1901. Valentine, David T., History of the City of New York, New York, 1853. Van der Donck, Beschryving van Nieuw Nederland, Coll. N. Y. Hist. Soc, 2d series, vol. i, 1841. Waller, H. D., History of the Town of Flushing, Flushing, 1899. Whitehead, William A., East Jersey un…

In possession of the American Geographical Society. Brooklyn, The City of. Watson, 1879. Brooklyn, The City of. M. D'ripps, 1853, 1871. Brooklyn, The City of. Alexander Martin, 1839. Elizabeth, N. J. An original map, apparently drawn about 1750, in possession of the New York Historical Society, showing the original purchases of lands from the Indian proprietors, and land in controversy at tha…

J., An orig nal survey of part of Monmouth county, 18th century, showing old roadways. In possession of the New York Historical Society. Mount Vernon, N. Y., and environs. Survey by William Bracher. Goldthwaite, 1890. New Jersey, by Robert Hornor. New Jersey, The Province of, by William Faden. London, 1778. New Jersey, East. An original map "''by a Society of Gentlemen in America," covering …

INDEX OF STATIONS ON THE MAPS Note: The numbers applied to the stations are those adopted in "New York City in Indian Possession" up to No. 27 and from I os. 50-58, 65-83, 86-97, s * new numbers being applied to stations not described in that work from 98 onward. See Indian Notes and Mono graphs, vol. n, no. 7, 1920. 1. Kapsee (Map VIII, A). The extremity of the island of Manhattan; pro…

The most natural position for such a station was near a fresh-water pond and brook at the present Jefferson, Henry, Clinton, and Madison streets, facing south on an open beach on East river. 4. Sapohanikan (Maps II; VIII, A). A station, but probably no more than a landing and trading place, utilized as the nearest convenient point of access to Hoboken, when peltries and goods were brough…

Several sites around this favored locality are marked by native debris: (1) Around the site of the one-time house of the Richardson family, particularlyabout the spring nearby, near the old Hunt burial-ground. (2) On the Dickey estate on the Hunts Point road at Randall avenue. (3) On a mound surrounded by marsh-lands on the line of Eastern boulevard,' if extended. (4) At the extremity of …

An important native station, the name of which has not been recorded, consisting of a palisaded enclosure, or fort, on the high mound on the west bank of Westchester creek, which was the site of the Screven residence. A village probably extended on the south side of the hill, the site being marked by debris. On the extreme point is a large shellneap containing the discarded shells used in…

AND MONOGR APHS 224 . INDIAN PATHS 12. Weir creek (Map VII, D). On Throgs neck. An important native station situated on the shore at the mouth of the creek, on the Brown estate, near a small spring of fresh water. Its name is not recorded, but the site was in use by the Siwanoy after their contact with white men. It has been carefully explored by the Museum of the American Indian, Heye F…

Around the tract evidences of native occupancy were found, at 196th to 201st streets, 208th and 209th streets, 213th street, and at 219th street. In the interior of the area a ceremonial site at 212 th street and sundry places marked by food-pits have been discovered. 16. Shorakapkok (Maps I, V). A name, fortunately preserved, applied to the locality under Inwood hill and to the western p…

226 INDIAN PATHS the main path to the north and east countries. 19. Mosholu or Keskeskick (Maps VII, A, C). An important village-site on the west bank of Mosholu brook, near the Van Cortlandt mansion in Van Cortlandt park. The title Keskeskick applied to the range of hills forming part of Kingsbridge, Fordham, and University Heights, probably as far south as Washington bridge. The village-…

The site of Ann Hutchinson's house, on the east side of Eastchester creek, near the Split Rock (Map VII, B). It was alongside the Indian path which is the present Split Rock road. Here Ann Hutchinson and her family were massacred in 1643. 23. Anns hook, possibly Asumsowis, the modern Pells point (Map VII, B), Pelham neck, or Rodmans neck. The site of a considerable station, explored by M. R. …

Shippa (Map VII, B). Now Davenports neck. A large station of the Siwanoy. 27. Echo bay (Map VII, B). New Rochelle. At Echo bay and in Hudson Park remains indicate Indian occupancy. 50. Shanscomacocke (Map VIII, D). A large Indian village and burying-ground on the shore of the Strome kill, Gerritsen basin, or Ryders Pond, Flatlands. Explored by D. B. Austin. Many objects plowed up in the cou…

Some native objects, INDIAN NOTES INDEX TO STATIONS 229 which include grooved axes, indicate native occupancy of this favorable place. Its aboriginal name denotes "a fine water-place" (Tooker, Indian Place Names). Armbruster says there are immense shell-beds on this island. D. B. Austin states that these beds cover the area of the center of the island, and that they were probably debris f…

230 INDIAN PATHS quantities of material in shell-pits, also many burials. The greater part of these objects is in the American Museum of Natural History, and one fine pointedbottom jar is in the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. 65. Mespaetches (Map VIII, B). The modern Maspeth. The name is applied to Newtown creek and the contiguous swampy area, and probably to the place o…

the of lower Manhattan inhabitants retired not known. It would have is been favorably situated at the southeast end of the United States reservation near the water supply in Dyker Heights Park. 69. Xarrioch (Map VIII, D). That part of Gravesend neck lying to the east of the town between Squam creek and Shellbank creek. It is probable that native sites may be discovered along the latter w…

In 1903 a few traces of native occupancy were found along the line of the Shore railroad. 73. Bowmans brook (Map I). An extensive village and burial place, of apparent Hackensack occupancy, situated along the brook, sometimes known as Newtons creek, or De Harts brook, discharging into the Kill van Kull. This was explored in 1903 by Alanson Skinner, who found more than a hundred frreand she…

At Lakes island, where there is now a garbage incinerating plant, there were many evidences of native occupancy, some having been observed by Thoreau and mentioned in his letters. 80 Rossville (Map I). A shellheap, with evidences of vary ancient existence, was explored by Alanson Skinner. 81 Sandy ground (Map I). At Bogardus Corners. A village-site was discovered by Alanson Skinner. S2 Woo…

On the north side of Richmond creek. At the Ketchum mill-pond there are evidences of an occupied station. 91. Green ridge (Map I). A site is noted by Skinner near the Richmond plank road, between Journeay avenue and Annadale road. 92. Princes bay, Princess bay (Map I). An unexplored site at the bay, and another site marked by a shell-pit arid scattered objects on the shore halfway to the…

At east 14th street, probably near Second avenue, there was a small station or plantation, which may have been named from some nearby brook. (Colonial Docs. N. Y., vol. xiv, p. 110.) 100. Tubby hook (Maps I, V). At this point, extending intothe Hudson river at Dyckman street, there was a very ancient station, the extensive deposits of debris being located on the shore of the "Little Sand …

This site, which was discovered and explored by the Rev. W. R. Blackie, for the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, gives evidence of considerable size and length of occupancy. 104. Keskaechquerem or Keskaechqueren (Map VIII, D). Flatlands. There was a native village at this place, on the site afterward and still occupied by the Dutch church, on Flatbush avenue, near its junc…

A pond of fresh water, situated at the locality now known as Marlboro, around which the natives had a cultivated tract. The pond has long retained its name, appearing on modern maps. 107. New Utrecht (Map VIII, C). Probable site ofa nat ve station, perhaps the home of Chippahig, who had sold lands which on their eastern bounds touched the western line of Gravesend at the Indian pond. Ther…

This may have been the home of the chief Gouwane. Its position is in the vicinity of Third avenue at 37th street. 111. Sun wick, Sunwicks, Suns wicks (Map VIII, B). A native station, indicated by shell-deposits and a few objects, on the shore of East river, at Ravenswood Park, near the creek which is recorded as bearing this name. 112. Minnahanonck (Map VIII, B). Blackwells island. The i…

A native station of importance, situated near Hudson and 2d streets, at Castle point. It was evidently a trading place, whence goods were transported across the Hudson to Sapohanikan (4), and by its position on the Bergen peninsula was best situated to foot travel toward the mountain regions north and west. 117. Marechkawick or Mareyckawick( Map VIII, A). The headquarters of the chieftain…

A name applied to the place where the shore path, "Sachkerah," crossed the Bronx river at Williamsbridge, on the line of the Gunhill road. The name indicates it as a sort of boundary place where the territory of the Weckquaesgeek and Siwanoy met. 121. Seton falls (Map VII, A). Near the bend of Rattlesnake creek, on the Seton estate, there is a cave, near a small cataract, and some emban…

See Hutchinson river Acqueegenom, 100, 104, 111, 240 Adees point, 113 Ahasimus, 239. See Harsimus Albany avenue, 92 Albany crescent, 102 Albany Post-road, 19, 79, 91 Albany trail, 98 Amboy (N. J.), 38, 204 Amboy road, 190, 193 American Museum of Natural History, 230 Amersfoort, 157, 169. See Nieuw Amersfoort Ancient One, The. See Mechowodt Ancient Pathway, the, 155, 157. See Mechawani…

See Pleasant avenue Avenue C, or Castle Point road, 1 14 Avenue G (Kings), 153 Avenue K (Kings), 152 Avenue L (Kings), 152 Avenue M (Kings), 228 Avenue O (Kings), 163 Avenue P (Kings), 162 Avenue Q (Kings), 162, 166 Avenue R (Kings), 166 Avenue T (Kings), 154, 160 Avenue U (Kings), 155, 158 Avenue V (Kings), 161 Bailey avenue, 102 Baltic street (Kings), 138, 139, 230 Barren island (Equendito), 161…

William R., 124, 236 •Blackwells island, 67, 169, 176, 238 Block, Adrian, 223 Bloomfield, 191, 232 Bloomfield road, 234 Bloomingdale crossroad, 63 Bogardus Corners, 233 Bolton, Rev. Robert, 128, 185 Bolton road, 84 Borden avenue (Queens), 174 Borough of Bronx, 25, 30, 47, 90, 98, 102, 104, 107, 109, 110, 176, 224, 241 Borough of Brooklyn, 25, 39, 50, 51, 55, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 137, 140, 14…

Ill, 113, 118, 240 Brookland, 139 Brooklyn, see Borough of Brooklyn Brooklyn Bridge, 134 Brooklyn Heights, 136 Brooklyn path, 178 Brooklyn plank-road, see Jamaica and Brooklyn plank road. Brosewere bay, 229 Brower's mill, 139 Brown estate, 224 Brown's lane, see De Bruyn's lane Bungay creek, 105, 106 Burial point, 113, 223 Burial ridge (S. I.), 194. See Tottenville Burr's corners, 66 …

I.), 191 Cemetery of the Holy Cross, Flatbush, 178 Center street, 42 Centerville, 198 Central Park, 62, 68, 69, 71 Central Railroad of New Jersey, 198, 231 Chamakou, see Jamaica, Jameco Chatham square, 55 Chatham street, 55 Chelsea (S. I.), 193, 234 Cherry street, 50, 55 Chippahig, 237 Church of the Ascension (S. I.), 191 City Hall Park, 42, 49, 54 City Island, 185 City Island road, 127 Clarendon …

See Gamoenepa Concourse, see Grand Concourse Coney Island, 157, 162, 165 Coney Island creek, 165 Coney Island Jockey Club, 164 Connecticut, 121 Constable point, 198, 231 Continental Village, 92 Conykeekst, 72,-73, 74, 235 Cool, Cornells, 144 Cooper street, 86 Corlears hook, 56, 67, 134, 220 Cornells creek, 113, 115 Corona (Queens), 175, 184 Corsa lane, 122 Corsons brook, 234 Cortel…

See Lenni Lenape Delaware river, 22, 205 Depot lane, 79 Devoes point, 108 Dickey estate, 222 Division street, 55 Dobbs Ferry, 92 Dongan Patent of 1685, 153 Dongan street, 191 Dosoris, 183 Doughty, Elias, 99, 101 Douglaston, 241. See Little Neck Dove, Adam, 130, 142, 238 Dover street, 50, 55 Downings brook, 111, 224 Drake Park, 110 Duane street, 47, 49, 53, 220 Dunham avenue, 120 Duryea, Thomas P.,…

See Pelham road East River, 21, 41, 44, 45, 49-50, 54, 55, 57, 60, 66, 68, 69, 121-122, 131, 134, 137, 140, 151, 171, 175, 184, 185, 221, 238 East Sixth street, Mt. Vernon, 120. See Old Boston Post Road Echo bay, 228 Eighth Regiment Armory, 103 Eighth street, west (Kings), 166 Eighteenth avenue (Kings), 167 Eighty-first street, 66 Eighty-first street (Kings),. 167 Eighty-second street,…

Hellegat, 70 Hell Gate, 36, 69, 70, 71, 178, 184, 185, 186 Hellgate bay, 221 Hempstead, 171, 180 Hempstead bay, 181 Henderson street, Hoboken, 199, 239 Henry street, 56, 221 Hewlett, 172, 180, 181, 229 Hicks neck, 181 Highbridge, 107, 108 Highlands, 92, 202 High sandy banks, see Aquehonga Hills of Jochem Pieter, 76 Hobokan, 59, 239 Hobokan Hackingh, 199, 239 Hoboken, 39, 199, 221, 239 Hobson lane,…

J.), 239 Huguenot street, 121 Hunt burial-ground, 222 Hunt mansion, 110, 222 Hunter estate, 125 Hunter island, 125, 227 Hunterfly road, 151, 153 Hunters Point, 176 Hunts Point, 105, 109, 110, 222 Hunts Point road, 109, 222 Hutchings, John, 46 Hutchinson, Mrs. Ann, 123, 124, 227 Hutchinson river, 30, 111, 119, 120, 121, 123. See Acqueanounck Hyatt tavern, 86 Indian cave, 84, 225 Indi…

J,), 204 Kes-asketu or Castuteeuw, 156 Keskaechquerem, Keskaechqueren, 150, 152, 154, 156, 228, 236 Keskeskick, 91, 93, 94, 102, 105, 226 Kestateuw, 157 Ketchum mill-pond, 193, 234 Kieft, Gov. William, 94, 144, 149, 221, 239 Kill Muscoota, 224 Kill van Kull, 191, 198, 231, 232 Kills path, 179 Kingsbridge, 31, 39, 73, 82, 87, 90, 92, 116, 225, 226 Kingsbridge avenue, 87 Kingsbridge ro…

See Kolch pond Little Neck, 172, 183, 241. See Douglaston Little Sand bay, 80, 235 Little Sand stream, 221 Livingston (N. J.), 205 Locust point, 113, 223 Long Hill, 143 Long Island, 38, 39, 40, 41, 50, 129, 131, 132, 137, 145, 149, 182, 183, 184, 185, 206, 234, Long Island City, 171, 173, 174-175, 179 Long Island Railroad, 146 Long Island Sound, 21, 36, 121, 125, 177, 181, 185, 223 Long Neck, 19…

See Coney Island Marble Hill, 81, 82, 85, 86, 100, 224 INDIAN NOTES 262 INDIAN PATHS Middletown (N. J.), 203 Middle town Point (N. J.), 203 Midwood street, 147 Milford (N. J.), 205 Mill brook, 103, 105, 106, 109, 117 Mill island, 161 Mill road, 150, 154, 236 Mill road (S. I.), 193 Milliken Brothers' Steel Works, 192 Minetta, 60 Minisink, 203 Minisink, island of, 205 Minisink path, …

See Macutteris Mott avenue, 108 Mount Pleasant, 203 Mount Vernon, City of, 119 Municipal Building, 50 Municipal Building (Kings), 141 Muschenheim, William C, 97 Muscoota, 72, 81, 82, 101, 102, 224 Museum of the /American Indian, Heye Foundation, 81, 84, 112, 116, 124, 126, 158, 194, 222, 224, 229, 230, 233, 235, 236 Muskyttehool, 153, 237 Nagel homestead, 85 Naghtongh, 57. See Nechtank Nappeckam…

See Bowmans brook, De Harts brook Newtown (Queens), 132, 171, 173 Newtown creek, 171, 173, 230 Newtown inlet, 60 Newtown road, 145, 179 New Utrecht, 140, 148, 151, 156, 166, 167, 168, 169, 237 New York and Harlem Railroad, 118 New York Bay, 166, 177, 197, 202 New York Catholic Protectory, 115 New York Central Railroad, 86 New York commons, 66 New York Historical Society, 203 New York…

266 INDIAN PATHS One Hundred Fifth street, 67, 68 One Hundred Seventh street, 67, 69 One Hundred Eighth street, 73 One Hundred Tenth street, 72, 74 One Hundred Eleventh street, 72, 74 One Hundred Fourteenth street, 74 One Hundred Fifteenth street, 75 One Hundred Twentieth street, 72 One Hundred Twenty-first street, 72, 235 One Hundred Twenty-third street, 73, 74 One Hundred Twenty-fourt…

J.), 201, 231 Passaic river, 21, 201, 204, 205, 231 Passaic valley, 201 Paterson (N. J.), 38, 201 Paulus hook, 199, 238, 239. See Aressick Paulus, Mr., 169 Pearl street, 45, 47, 51, 54, 55, 220 Peekskill, 92 Pelham, 30, 99, 126, 128, 227 Pelham avenue, 103 Pelham Bay, 125, 127 Pelham Bay Park, 227, 236 Pelham-Bay-Yiew Park, 122 Pelham Bridge road, 236 Pelham Heath Inn, 122 Pelham Manor, 121, 123, …

J.), 201 Pompton road, 201-202 Portland point, 203 Port Washington, 38, 183 Post Road, 25, 63. See Boston Road, Kingsway Potters hill, 54 Pratt, F B , 158 Preakness valley, 201 Preble street, 110 Prescott avenue, 84 Princes bay, Princess bay, 195, 234 Prospect avenue (Kings), 147 Prospect Hill road, 123 Prospect Park, 141, 143, 147 Prospect reservoir, 147 INDIAN NOTES INDEX 269 Pr…

See Rechewac Reckgawawanc, 34, 63, 68, 71, 73, 78, 92 94, 107, 221, 225, 226 Red Hook, 137, 140, 141 Red Hook lane, 138, 139, 141 Revolution, the, 107, 117, 147 Richardson house, 110, 222 Richmond, 39, 187, 190, 193 Richmond avenue, 196 Richmond creek, 234 Richmond Hill, 179 Richmond Plank road, 234 Richmond road" 190 Richmond turnpike, 190 Riker, James, 32, 72, 75 Rikers island, 17…

Raymond's cemetery, 112, 113, 236 Sandberg, 60 Sand hill, see Sandberg Sandy brook, 194, 233 Sandy Ground, 233 Saperewack, 82, 86, 100. See Marble Hill Sapohanikan, Sappokanikke, 58, 59, 63, 221, Sassian's maize-land, 138 Sawmill river, 95 Schenck, Captain John, 161 Schoolcraft, H. R., 57, 60 Schreyers hoek, Schryers hook, 51, 165, 220 Screven residence, 114, 223 Screvens point, 113. See Castle po…

Simonsons brook, 193, 234 Sint Sinck, 176 Siwanoy, 34, 40, 99, 101, 104, 107, 110, 112. 113, 114, 116, 119, 122, 123, 128, 224, 228; Sixth avenue, 67 Sixth avenue (Kings), 142, 143, 238 Sixty-second street, 66 Sixty-second street, east (Kings), 161 Sixty-third street, 66 Sixty-sixth street, 66 Sixty-eighth street, 66 Sixty-ninth street, east (Kings), 154 Skinner, Alanson, 79, 81, 115, 191, 195, 2…

J.), 205 Spuyten Duyvil, 32, 75, 83, 95, 96, 225 Spuyten Duyvil creek, 82, 83, 90, 102, 225 Squam creek, 231 Stapleton, 196, 235 i1"?l TP ^TT"PPf~ il Staten Island, 50, 166, 187, 191, 197, 204 Stepping Stones rocks, 185 Strawn beach, see Strome beach Strikers bay, 62, 63. See Ninety-sixth street Strome beach, 159, 160, 164 Strome kill, 158, 159, 161, 162, 228 Stuyvesant, Governor, 60 …

W., 43, 126, 135, 173, 175, 177, 227 229. 230, 232, 235, 236 Tottenville, 190, 194, 233 Town Dock road, 112 Trains Meadow, 177 Trains Meadow road, 177 Transverse road, 71. See Ninety-seventh street Travisville, 193 Trimble avenue, 177 Tubby hook, 80, 235 Tunissens neck, 192, 232 Turner, Claude L., 116 Turtle Bay, 66, 67 Tuynier, Pieter, 85 Twelfth street, east, 60 Twelfth street, east (Kings), 1…

276 INDIAN PATHS Twenty-first avenue (Kings), 156 Twenty-third street, 65 Twenty-fifth street, east (Kings), 158 Twenty-sixth street, 65 Twenty-sixth street, east (Kings), 147 Twenty-eighth street, 65 Twenty-ninth street, 66 Twin islands, 125, 227 Two Hundred First street, 225 Two Hundred Fourth street, 84, 87 Two Hundred Seventh street, 84, 86 Two Hundred Eighth street, 225 Two Hundr…

Valentine avenue, 103 Valentine-Briggs farmhouse, 103 Valeyen, 70 Valley grove, 147 Valley Stream, 38, 229 Valley Stream road, 180 Van Brunt lane, 169 Van Corlaer, Jacobus, 156 Van Cortlandt, Frederick, 93, 94, 226 Van Cortlandt avenue, 117 Van Cortlandt Park, 92, 226 Vanderbeeck, Paulus, 143 Vanderbilt avenue (Kings), 147 Van der Donck, 101 Vandeveer Park, 151 Van Werckhoven, Cornelis, 168, 169 V…