Around the tract evidences of native occupancy were found, at 196th to 201st streets, 208th and 209th streets, 213th street, and at 219th street. In the interior of the area a ceremonial site at 212 th street and sundry places marked by food-pits have been discovered. 16. Shorakapkok (Maps I, V). A name, fortunately preserved, applied to the locality under Inwood hill and to the western part of Spuyten Duyvil creek, on the bank of which, in the glen now called Cold Spring hollow, large deposits of debris, food-pits, and rock-shelters attest the long-continued native residence. The well-known Indian cave is one of the features of Shorakapkok. (See pi. n.) 17. Nipnichsen (Map I). Berrians neck, Spuyten Duyvil hill. The site of a palisaded station, the precise position of which is not known. The name denotes a muddy pond. Native debris was found on the summit overlooking the Hudson, but a more probable site has been recently discovered- near a small pond on the line of 231st street. 18. Paparinemin or Papirinemin (Maps V; VI; VII, C). Applied both to the island which became the site of the village of Kingsbridge, and to that part of Spuyten Duyvil creek contiguous thereto. A favorite resort of the Reckgawawanc, one of whose stations was on the line of 231st street overlooking the crossing of

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226 INDIAN PATHS the main path to the north and east countries. 19. Mosholu or Keskeskick (Maps VII, A, C). An important village-site on the west bank of Mosholu brook, near the Van Cortlandt mansion in Van Cortlandt park. The title Keskeskick applied to the range of hills forming part of Kingsbridge, Fordham, and University Heights, probably as far south as Washington bridge. The village-site was close to the Van Cortlandt mansion. It was destroyed by grading the playing field.