Brodhead, John Romeyn. History of the State of New York, Vol. I (1609-1691). New York: Harper & Brothers, 1853.

A first class ship and flyboat will have to be sent from Fatherland with 70 soldiers and 20 seamen, for the purpose of conveying the people, provisions, etc., to Curagao, and relieving the old garrison, on the calculation that 26 men can be selected from the old hands, which would then make up the 116 persons, as hereinbefore stated. Which aforesaid ship and flyboat will have …

In the aforesaid first class ship and two yachts, ought to be laden the 2700 first quality hides, lying there; and thus return home after cruising together through the West Indies, as long as their provisions permit. The flyboat and the ship Swol, ought to take on board all the old iron, unnecessary ordinance and other useless stores, along with as many horses, and as much …

Were Cura9ao also placed under the government of New Netherland, the garrison could be maintained at little expense, and the poor people preserved from the dreadful famine to which they have sometimes been subject. It had been much more advantageous for the Company to abandon the island of Curasao; but this cannot be effected without the coi'iperation of their High …

List of the provisions, stores and merchandise required for the Island Cura9ao, including the bark Paroquit, the sloop and large boat, in all 116 persons, as well marines as train bands, for one year. 25 barrels of beef @, fl. 90 the bbl., fl. 2,250 19 barrels of pork @, fl. 62^ the bbl., 1,187 10 10 cans of oil (a, fl. 80, 800 12 hogsheads of vinegar @^ fl. 20, 240 3G barrels …

2 bales of canvas (a fl. 150 ea., fl. 300 100 lbs. of best bolt rope come to 16 30 lbs. of sail yarn @^ 9 stiv. per lb., 12 12 bundles of assorted thread, 13 12 45 bundles of marline @^ 4 stiv. ea., 9 40 bundles of huisingh (ax 6 stiv., 12 43 bundles of twine @^ 5 stiv., 5 15 600 lbs. light running line, 96 8 tons of tar (a. fl. 12 the ton, 96 2 barrels of pitch @, fl. 12, 24 …

1200 lbs. new powder, fl. 405 50 fivelb.balls, ..' 15 600 lbs. of musket balls, 90 600 lbs. pig lead, 60 4 reams cartridge paper, 60 HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 169 20 lbs. cartridge thread, 20 10 kegs of black, 1 keg of red, 1 keg of white, \ paint, 80 1 keg of red, 1 ditto of yellow,; 1 small barrel of linseed oil, 36 Materials for the use of the Salt manufacture and …

For the office. 5 reams of paper, fl. 25 6 blank books, 42 6 penknives, 3 20 bundles of quilis; 9 Ink powder, 4 One medicine chest, well supplied with good and fresh medicines. Invoice of merchandise necessary to be distributed to the garrisons in part payment of their monthly wages. 3 ps. of colored everlasting, fl- 96 3 ps. of muslin, 60 3 ps. of colored coarse camlet, 102 3 …

16 barrels of Beef@,fl. 90 the bbl., fl. 1,440 15 ditto of Pork @, fl. 62J " " 937 10 5J awms of Oil @. fl.80 " awm, 440 5 hogsheads Vinegar @^ fl. 25 ea., 125 18 barrels white peas (S, fl. 19 the bbl., 342 10 barrels grey peas " " 190 6 ditto beans @, fl. 13 14 stiv., " 79 4 18 ditto groats @, fl. 24, " " 432 5000 lbs, dried codfish @, fl. 9 per 100, 450 15000 " bread @, fl …

6 bbls. grey peas @, fl. 19 4 st. per bbl., 96 4 ditto beans (a, fl. 12 14 St., •' 54 16 8 ditto groats @, fl. 24 " " 192 2,000 lbs. dried codfisii @, fl. 9 per 100, 180 6,000 lbs. biscuit @,fl. 9 per 100 540 130 Cheeses, being 1,300 lbs., @, fl. 17 per 100, 221 3 casks Spanish wine, 270 1 ditto Brandy, 100 i awm Train oil, 27 1 cask i wax i tallow candles, 50 Total of the …

1 bale of canvas, 170 100 lbs. of bolt rope, 16 20 lbs. sail yarn @. 10 stiv. per lb, 10 li ton of Tar @, fl. 12 the ton, 18 1 ton of pitch, 12 1 bbl. of rosin 30 40 clew lines @. 6 stiv., 12 400 lbs. running line, fl. 16 the 100, 64 10 ps. linen @. fl. 1 J the pc, 15 20 bundles marline @^ 4 stiv. the bundle, 4 20 bundles huysingh @^ 6 stiv. the bundle, 6 20 bundles hording …

The provisions, 3,150 8 Total of the required necessaries, 3,909 4 And as much for the Yacht the Cat, manned with 60 hands. The Ship the Swol requires one month's provisions in order, with 60 hands, to convey some horses, salt and other effects from Cura9ao to New Netherland : 1 barrel of beef, fl. 90 1 ditto pork, 02 10 3 ditto vegetables, 60 300 lbs. dried codfish, 27 900 …

The Commissioners appointed on 21" of September on the 13"" point of reference, relating to the resolution of the XIX., adopted the G"" and 7"" of July last, have, after consultation, and after having deliberated on the aforesaid resolution, resolved to submit to the Assembly their considerations on said resolutions, and first, on that of the G"" of July, contained in 5 …

To consider only whether the Assembly should not resolve that one or two cargoes be sent alternately by the respective Chambers, in the manner as used heretofore to be done. Leaving the third point untouched, as it stands, we should only enlarge it with this addition: That all the goods sent to iVew Netheriand, or parts thereabout, must first and foremost come to Fort New …

liberty to touch at any trading places, on pain of forfeiture of ship and goods, should they act otherwise. Finally, leaving the remaining points as they are, also the instruction to be amplified by new additions of what this Assembly may determine further to resolve on the suggestion of Director Stuyvesant. Monday, IG"" of October, 1645. The presiding Chamber of Zealand, with …

Peter, from this city, Amsterdam, to New Netherland, situate within the limits of our Charter; on condition that he, before loading his goods, should be bound to bring the same into the Company's warehouses, in order to be conveyed on board, when inspected and stamped with the Company's mark; and to cause to be paid thereon the duty of sixteen per cent, in addition to the …

India hides, and a good many pieces of eight. Thirdly: on arriving afterwards in New Netherland, it was discovered that he had brought with him divers contraband and prohibited goods; though it was impossible to make so thorough an examination, because the said Simon Janssen had sailed from the Texel without taking with him any invoice from the Company. All which, coming to …

High and Mighty, to be pleased to dismiss the request contained in the petition of the aforesaid Simon Janssen, and to order him not to trouble us any more touching the matter aforesaid. Wherewith ending We shall pray God for the continued success of your High Mightinesses' prosperous government and remain High and Mighty Lords, Your High Mightinesses' humble servants. The …

Read in the Assembly a certain memorial presented to their High Mightinesses in the name and on behalf of the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company of this country, requesting that their High Mightinesses would he pleased to cause to be dispatched BtuyvesanL » commission for Petrus Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, according to New Netherland. ^j^g formula …

Stuyvesant, for New Netherland, according to tlie annexed draft, whereunto, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' then order, Secretary Mus liath looked up the commissions issued iieretofore by your High Mightinesses. Therefore the above named Directors supplicate your High Mightinesses with all due reverence, to be pleased to cause to be issued the commission aforesaid …

May it please your Honor to know, in regard to the application of the Directors of the West India Company for a commission for the Director of New Netherland, the retro acta have been lying, for the last 10 or 12 days, in the office of Your High Mightinesses' Secretary, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' order. We pray your High Mightinesses to cause the patent to be …

Director going to ^ certain memorial, presented to their High a Mightinesses o by j and on behalf of , .^. ^ t /-, n New Netheriaud. the West India Company for a patent of Commission for the Director going to New Netherland, being read to the Assembly ; it is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, before proceeding thereupon, that the above named West India …

Petrus Stuivesant appeared before the Assembly as Director of New Netherland Stuivesant. and Directorof Cura9ao, and some other islands mentioned in his commission, and New Netherland. took, according to a Certain formulary, the proper oath, and amongst other things, swore specially that he would conform to his Instruction given him by the Assembly of the West India Company …

have deemed it advisable for the advancement of the aifairs of the General Incorporated West India Company not only to maintaia the trade and population on the Coast of New Netherland and the places situate thereabout; also, the Islands Curasao, Buenaire, Aruba and their dependencies, which have hitherto been encouraged thither from this country, but also to make new treaties …

necessary to appoint a person Director; We, therefore, confiding in the probity and experience of Petrus Stuyvesant, formerly entrusted with Our affairs in, and the government of, the aforesaid Island of Curasao and the places thereon depending, We, being well pleased with his services there, have commissioned and appointed, and by these presents do commission and appoint the …

July, 1646. ; HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IH. 179 Resolution of the States General. [ From the EegiBt«r of West India affairs, 1638 -- 16B1, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ] Saturday, 28"' July, 1646. Folio soa £)r Lubbertus van Dinclaeen u appeared i i in the Assembly j as Second, and first Dr. Lobbertus van Dinciagen. Councillor of the Director of New Netherland, and hath sworn …

New Netherland, so called because it was first frequented and peopled by the free Netherlanders, is a province in the most northerly part of America, situate between N. England (which bounds it on the N. E. side) and Virginia, lying to the S. W. Its entire length is washed by the ocean and has a clean sandy beach resembling very much that of Flanders or Holland, having, except …

The aspect of the country is very like that of France; the land is reasonably high and level, to wit, along the coast, broken by small hills which are rocky and unfit for cultivation ; further in the interior are pretty high mountains, exhibiting generally strong indications of minerals ; between those mountains flow a great number of small streams; there are even in places …

The animals also are of the same species as ours, except lions and some other strange beasts many bears, abundance of wolves, which harm ; nothing but small cattle. Elks and deer in vast numbers, foxes, beavers, otters, minx, and such like. The fowls which are natural to the country, are turkeys, like ours, swans, geese of three sorts, ducks, teals, cranes, herons, bitterns …

They seem to despise all the torments that can be inflicted on them, and do not utter a single moan, they go almost naked, except a flap which hangs before their nakedness, and on their shoulders a deer skin, or a mantle, a fathom square, of woven turkey feathers, or of peltries sewed together ; they make use now generally of blue or red (duflfels), in consequence of the …

and but little distinction, unless in their dances and other ceremonies. They have hardly any knowledge of God; no Divine Worship, no law, no justice; the strongest does what he pleases, and the young men are masters. Their weapons are the bow and arrow, in the use of which they are wonderful adepts. Hunting and fishing, in addition to the maize which the women plant, furnish …

But as soon as the trade was opened, many servants who had prospered under the Company applied for their discharge, built houses and formed plantations, spread themselves far and wide, each seeking the best land, and to be nearest to the Indians, in order thus to trade with them advantageously ; others bought sloops with which to sell goods at the north and at the south, and …

Amsterdam around the fort, one hundred families, so that there was appearance of producing supplies in a year for fourteen thousand souls, without straightening the country, and had there not been a want of laborers or farm servants, twice as much could be raised, considering that fifty lasts of rye and fifty lasts of peas were still remaining around the fort, after a large …

fellow, as if deeming him suspected and the enemy of his desire, sought communication with the Indians from whom it appeared his profit was to be derived, all contrary to their High Mightinesses' motto.' That created first, a division of power of dangerous consequence; then produced altogether too much familiarity with the Indians, which in a short time brought forth contempt …

This Liberty caused still greater mischief: for the inhabitants of Renselaerswyck, who were as many traders as persons, perceiving that the Mohawks were craving for guns, which some of them had already received from the English, paying for each as many as Twenty Beavers and for a pound of powder as many as Ten to Twelve guilders, came down in greater numbers than usual where …

On this account the Indians endeavored no less to procure Guns, and through the familiarity which existed between them and our people, began to solicit the latter for Guns and powder, but as such was forbidden on pain of Death, and could not remain secret in consequence of the general conversation, they could not be obtained. This, added to the previous contempt, greatly …

This outrage obliged the Director to demand satisfaction from the Sachem who refused That he it, saying. * Note A. was sorry twenty Christians had not been murdered * and that this Indian had 2i'Aug!"/6«.'°"°'^' only avenged the death of his Uncle who had been slain over one and twenty years previously by the Dutch. Whereupon, the Commonalty were called together by the …

The journey, however, was not without effect, for the Indians, who remarked by the trail made by our people in marching, that they had narrowly escaped discovery, sued for peace, which was granted them on condition that they should either deliver up the murderer or inflict justice themselves. This they promised, but did not keep their word. Some weeks after this, Miantenimo …

Those of Hackingsack, otherwise called Achter Col, had, with their as neighbors, killed an Englishman, a servant of one David Pietersz., and a few days after shot dead, in an equally treacherous manner, a Dutchman who sat roofing a house in the Colonic [Note E. of Myndert Meyndertz,|| having settled there agaiiist the advice of the Director and the "^^^^ "f ^^'^ I'ldiaus, and …

Meanwhile God wreaked vengeance on those of Witquescheck without our knowledge through the Mahicanders dwelling below Fort Orange, who slew seventeen of them and made prisoners of many women and children ; the remainder fled through a deep snow to the houses of the Christians on and around the Island Manhatens. They were most humanely received, being half dead of cold and …

Next morning, before the return of the troops, a man and woman were shot at Pavonia, who had come either through curiosity to look at, or to plunder the dead; the soldiers rescued a young child, which the woman had in her arms. Thei/peuiiOT' and The Christians residing on Long Island also requested by petitiont to be Febr Jrry"2f, lewf** allowcd to attack and slay the Indians …

This induced one of the proprietors of the burnt houses to upbraid, therewith, one Maryn Adriaenzen, who, at his own request, had led the freemen in the attack on the Indians, and who, being reinforced by an English troop, had afterwards undertaken two bootless expeditions in the open field. Imagining that the Director had accused him, being one of the signers of the petition …

Marine's man and another entered the fort, each carrying a loaded gun and pistol -- the first fired at the Director, who having had notice, withdrew to his house, the bullets passed into the walls along side the door behind him ; the sentinel firing immediately at the fellow who had discharged his gun, brought him down. Shortly afterwards, some of the Commonalty collected …

The Indians kept still after this peace, associating daily with our people; yea, even the greatest chiefs came to visit the Director. Meanwhile Pacham, a crafty man, ran through all the villages urging the Indians to a general massacre. Thereupon it happened that certain Indians called Wappingers, dwelling sixteeM leagues up the river, with whom we never had the least trouble …

Two ships of war and a privateer, were here at the time, and saved considerable cattle and grain. Probably it was not possible to prevent the destruction of four bouweries on Pavonia, which were burnt; not by open violence, but by stealthily creeping through the bush with fire in hand, and in this way igniting the roofs, which are all either of reed or straw ; one covered with …

Netherland should be mortgaged to the English as security for the payment thereof, (one of Dated gih" Mkrch, the uiost iofl ucutial amoug the Eight men had, by letter, <^ enforced by precedents, ^^^' previously endeavored to persuade the Director to this course; as they had In thir'^R^so^ve of Tcsolved to do a few days before ||) that the provisions destined for Curiigao :643 …

empty and abandoned by the Indians; they got 5 or 6 hundred skepels of corn and burnt the remainder without accomplishing anything else. Mayane, a Sachem, residing eight miles N. E. of us, between Greenwich (that lies within our jurisdiction) and Stamford, which is English, a fierce Indian who, alone, dared to attack with bow and arrows, three Christians armed with guns, one …

Retreat was made to the yachts in order to depart as secretly as possible; passing through Stantford some Englishmen were encountered who offered to lead ours to the place where some Indians were ; thereupon four scouts were sent in divers directions to make a discovery, who, on returning, reported that the Indians had some notice of our people from the salute the Englishmen …

Meanwhile, we were advised that Pennewitz, one of the oldest and most experienced Indians in the country, and who, in the first conspiracy, had given the most dangerous counsel, to wit: that they should wait and not attack the Dutch until all suspicion had been lulled, and then divide themselves equally through the houses of the Christians and slaughter all of them in one …

Our forces being returned from this expedition, Captain van der Hil was dispatched to Stantfort to get some information there of the Indians. He reported that the guide who had formerly served us and had gone astray in the night, was now in great danger of his life from the Indians, of whom there were about five hundred together, and offered to lead us there to prove that the …

In the evening, about eight o'clock, they came within a league of the Indians, and inasmuch as they should have arrived too early and had to cross two Rivers, one of two hundred feet wide and three deep, and that the men could not afterwards rest in consequence of the cold, it was determined to remain there until about ten o'clock.Orders having been given as to the mode to be …

Tiie General seeing that nothing else was to be done, resolved, with Serjeant Major Van der Hil, to set fire to the huts; whereupon the Indians tried every way to escape, not succeeding in which they returned back to the flames, preferring to perish by fire than to die by our hands. What was most wonderful is, that among this vast collection of Men, Women and Children, not one …

On the next day, the party set out much refreshed in good order, so as to arrive at Stantfort in the evening. They marched with great courage over that wearisome mountain, God affording extraordinary strength to the wounded some of whom were badly hurt ; and came in the afternoon to Stantfort after a march of two days and one night, with little rest. The English received our …

Which being considered, it is resolved and concluded hereby to request the Mess" van der Capellen tho Ryssel and the other their High Mightinesses' Deputies in the matter of the reform of the direction and management of the affairs relating to the West India Company, with what appertains to, and depends on, them, to inspect and examine the same and report thereupon. Resolution …

PAPERS RELATING TO THE CONDITION OF NEW NETHERLAND, And, the -proceedings against Cornelius MJyn and his adherents; marked from letter A. to letter R., 1643--1647. [ From .the anlhenticatcd Copy in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; Loketkas of the States General ; Division Wea IndUche Compagnie, No. 25. ] Excise Law of 1644. A. Whereas, the General war which we have been …

We have, therefore, enacted and ordained, and do hereby enact and ordain, that there shall be paid on each half barrel of beer tapt by the tavern keepers, two guilders, one-half payable by the brewer and one half by the tapster ; the burgher who does not retail it, to pay half as much ; on each quart of Spanish wine and brandy, four stivers; French wine, two stivers, to be …

From each merchantable beaver purchased within our limits and brought here to the fort, which shall be immediately marked, and those that will fifteen stivers, the small in proportion, be found unmarked, shall be forthwith confiscated; and all who have beavers in their possession, are hereby notified to come to the Receiver of the Company's customs, thereunto appointed, and to …

Honorable Gentlemen Rightly hath one of the ancients said, that there is no misery on earth however great that does not manifest itself in time of war.We, poor inhabitants of New Netherland, now complain that having enjoyed for a long time an indifferent peace with the heathen, Almighty God finally, through his righteous judgment, hath in this current year kindled around us …

These are threatened by the Indians every night with fire, and by day with the slaughter of both people and cattle. Achter Col where the Honb'' Mr. Van der Horst founded a Colonic, is altogether ruined, so that we have no other place of shelter remaining for ourselves, our wives and children, than around and adjoining Fort Amsterdam at the Manahactas. The enemy experiences no …

Your Honors can easily conceive how wretchedly it fares with us, distressed people, and the whole country, for the growth and prosperity thereof consists chiefly in men, cattle and houses, in which we, jointly and severally, have exhausted all the means we have been able to realize. The population is composed mainly of women and children; the freemen (exclusive of the English) …

It is likewise to be apprehended that this will be but the beginning of our troubles, for, as these Indians with their weapons kill our people, one after another [it is to be feared] that they will next with guns destroy us, our wives and children, while the men are ruined, the grain and other produce burnt, very little saved, not even a plough can be put in the ground this …

We speak not now of other necessaries, such as clothing, shirts, shoes and stockings, In fine, it is like to happen, that it will be with us, according to the words of the Prophet, Whoso draweth the sword, shall perish of hunger and cold. We turn, then, to your Honors; we humbly pray and beseech you to be pleased to help us with the first opportunity to assist us with such aid …

We, the undersigned, having appeared at the Fort at the request of the Hon'''' Director and Council, to express our opinions on their proposition, they have required us to elect five or six persons from among ourselves to weigh maturely the articles laid before us ; wherefore have we considered it wise on so doing to leave to the Director and Council the execution thereof …

This is the mark ^^ of Isack de Forest, Albert Jansen, Peter Colet, This is the mark T of Tevnis Cray, This is the mark O" --r f,of Jacob Stoffelsen, CoRNELis Willemsen, Pieter Linde, This is the mark (S« of Claes Carstersen, John Pathaway, Ritchert Gebbers, This is the mark ^ of Piccis, This is the mark ^ of Abraham Jacobsen, Jacob Couwenhoven, Reiner Jansen, Jan Verbrugh …

The whole of the freemen respectfully represent, that though heretofore much innocent blood was spilled by the Savages without having had any reason or cause therefor, yet your Honors made peace on condition that the chiefs should deliver the murderer into our hands, (either dead or alive,) wherein they have failed, up to the present time; the reputation which our nation hath …

Whereas the good inhabitants here are obliged to reside on their properties up to the present time in great alarm, and cultivate with caution the soil through dread of the Indians who now and again have in a cowardly manner murdered some of our nation (without having any reason therefor), and we cannot obtain any satisfaction for the blood by peaceable means; therefore arms …

Before me Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Jan Evertsen Bout, aged about forty years, who at the request of Cornelis Leendertsen, deposes, testifies and declares, as he doth hereby testify and declare in the place, and with the promise, of a solemn oath if necessary and so required; that it is true, that on Wednesday, being the first day, he, the …

Before me Cornelis Van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Jacob Stoffelsen, aged about 42 years, who at the request of Cornelis Leendersen, deposes and declares as he hereby doth, that it is true that he, the deponent, coming in the forenoon of the day after the attack on the Indians, in company with Gerrit Dircksen and Cornelis Arensen, across the bastion of the …

Before me Cornelia van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Cornells Arissen, aged about 36 years, who, at the request of Cornells Leendersen, deposes, testifies and declares, in the place, and with the promise of solemn oath, if necessary, that it is true that he accompanied Jacob Stoffelsen and Gerrit Dyrcksen into the fort on the day after the attack on the …

occurred ?" The Director answered " It was petitioned for in the name of the Commonalty, : by three persons, (without naming any one) being three of the Twelve elected men." To which this deponent replied --"Your Honor had forbidden them to meet on pain of corporal punishment; how came it, then?" The Director rejoined -- "It is probably so." Which the deponent declares to be …

Interrogalo7'ies to be proposed to Fiscal Heindrick van Dijck. Article 1. IM. Is he not well aware that the late Director General Kieft, did, on the night between the 24"" and 25"" February, in the year 1643, send a party of Soldiers over to Pavonia by the bouwery of Jan Evertzoon, and behind Curler's plantation on the Island of Manhatans and cause them to kill a party of …

Is it not also true, that all those Indians had fled to the above described place some days before, through dread of the Maicanders ; in the hope of being protected by our people from their enemies? 5. Did not we, the Dutch, in this country, live in peace with these Indians before and until this cruel deed had been wrought on them over at Pavonia and on the Island Manhatans? …

Kieft on the night of the 24th February, 1643, cause a party of Indians, our friends, to be massacred with women and children in their sleep, over at Pavonia and behind Corker's plantation ? 5. Did Mr. Kieft previously propose this expedition to the Council, and was it approved by witness, as fiscal at that time, and by the other members of the Council ? 6. Is it not true that …

Did he vote for, and approve of, the maize tax in the year 1639 ? 2. Was it ever before proposed in their Council, and now when Mr. Kieft had imposed contributions on those natives, did he (La M.) not say in the presence of several persons : --that by those proceedings, a Bridge had been built, over which War would soon stalk through the country ? 3. Does he know from what …

Also, that the peculiarity of places should be considered ; whether we could extricate our people who had settled at a far distance ; also, the question of force and munitions of war ; whether we could indeed defend ourselves and continue the war ? Is it true that Director Kieft made answer to this in his room, in the presence of Jan Claesen Daem, Abraham Planck, and Maryn …

Did we not, up to this time, before this deed was committed, live in peace with all those Americans, the Haccinsack murderer excepted ? 13. Is it not true, that all those Indians had Had to the two places abovementioned, through fear of the Mahicanders, in the hope of being protected by our people from their enemies? Interrogatories to be proposed to Secretary Cornells van …

Kieft entrusted to him ? 7. In what terms did he endeavor to persuade the Indians to consent to the contribution? In what year was he, deponent, sent by Mr. Kieft to the Raritanus ; and did he not go there with a party of armed soldiers and sailors under the command of Heindrich, captain of the Neptunus? 9. What order did the Director give him, the Secretary, particularly in …

Was not that difficulty sometime after entirely settled with the Raritans; so that they have remained quiet, on their side, to the present time ? 14. In what year did he, the Secretary, make the peace with the Wicquaesgeckers, at the house of the late Jonas Bronck? 15. After the difficulty with the Raritans and with the Wicquaesgeckers had been arranged and peace concluded …

For what reason, and by whose authority did he, the Secretary, insert the words -- "the whole of the Commonalty or free people and by their order" -- in the petition, when he, indeed, well knew that no person either without, or on, the Manhatans had any knowledge of it except Director Kieft, he, the Secretary, and those three petitioners also, that he should ; have considered …

Did not these Indians fly thither through dread of the Maykanders, who were at that time their enemies, in the hope of being protected by our people? 23. Is not true, that a troop of armed soldiers were sent by order of Mr. Kieft, on the next it night to the aforesaid place, and a party of freemen behind Corlear's plantation on the Manhatans, who slew a large number of these …

Was not your Reverence in the room with the late Director General Kieft when the three men, namely, Maryn, Adriaensen, Jan Claessen Daem, and Abram Planck, presented their petition respecting the demand for the war against the Natives ? 2. Is the conversation between Mr. Kieft and the three men on that occasion still fresh in your Reverence's memory ? 3. Can he, the witness …

By whom was the petition drawn, or did they request the writer to doit; or was he authorized by any person to that effect ? 5. Do they, the witnesses, likewise know that the aforesaid petition was copied by another, or did the writer draw it up of himself? 6. Did they, the witnesses, get an answer from Mr. Kieft on the same day, or was it when Councillor Johan de la Montaigne …

respectfully represent that it is highly necessary J pound of powder to each man can be ill that your Honors do order a general Muster to afforded, as provision must be made for the take place once every year, under arms, on day of need, for which we must, above all condition that at the muster half a pound of things, prepare. Each Fatroon's establishment powder shall be given …

Also, that the Council of New Netherland Letters have been sent to Holland, so that we shall from this time be rendered complete in expect to receive some persons of rank by the members, especially as tiie council of a small first ships, and thus have a complete Council. village in Fatherland consists of five @^ seven That the Commonalty should comment Schepens ; also, that …

Also if your Honors please to choose four We are fully satisfied to choose 4 persons, persons who shall have access to the Council to assist in maintaining the Commonalty in their here, as your Honors formerly proposed, we right, and whom we will invite to our Council, should be much gratified, so that taxes may when necessity requires ; also to fix upon not be imposed on the …

places as he shall derive most advantage from, on condition of first receiving a regular pass and clearance from your Honors and paying therefor all such duties as to the Hon*"'" Company shall appertain. In case your Honors choose four of the fittest We are fully content that two of the four to appear in your Council, as stated, it remains be annually changed. to be noted that …

Also, that the value of money be raised in We shall raise the currency ; the placards order that it be retained here and not exported are prepared for that purpose, hence by foreign nations. All which we the petitioners pray may be duly considered by your Honors, and trust that herein shall be done what will be most beneficial for the Inhabitants. Done the 21 January, 1642 …

We therefore, hereby forbid them calling any manner of assemblage or meeting, except by our express order, on pain of being punished as disobedient subjects. Done in fort Amsterdam, this eighth of February, 1642, in New Netherland. By order of the Hon*"'* Director and Council of New Netherland, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary. Ex-Director Kieft to Director …

That princely power was usurped. 5. That the Eight men received foul taunts and reproaches when assembled, and that they scarcely dare open their mouths. 6. That they conceded our proposal of the excise. 7. That the little Book treating of the war, contained as many lies as lines. That the Indians were previously like lambs, and that men were seized with a rash hankering for …

Jacob Stoffelse and Jsack Allerton principally implored the people to sign --yea, even after the letter was off to Holland, they suborned, according to Melyn's own acknowledgment, the Secretary's clerk, and caused him also to sign, thus abusing our Lords Patroons, making them believe that the original letter was subscribed by the Eight men, cheating the good people, and …

P, To the Hon'''^ Peter Stuyvesant, Director General of New Netherland, Cura9ao and the Islands thereabout, and to the Hon"* Council. Hon"' Gentlemen The written demand of the late Director General Kieft was sent to us by the Court messenger about 9 o'clock 5n the 19"" June of this year, 1644, with express orders to answer thereunto within twice 24 hours. Coming then to the …

They admit first, that 130 soldiers had come in the Blue Cock, commanded by the aforesaid Captain. 2°. There were yet also at that time between 40 and 50 old soldiers, exclusive of the English who, according to our best judgment, were full 50 strong. There were, likewise, at this time, between 50 and 60 sailors or seafaring people, who were willing to, as they sometime …

Company's servants, and thus, whenever a calculation in gross is made from what we have enumerated, it will, without making a very strict examination, be found that probably between 3 and 400 men could be brought before many days into the field against the enemy, as stated in the letter; and yet they could miss the few opportunities which they still possessed to restore …

Your Honors will please to observe in the two remonstrances or protests of Thomas Hall and the late Barent Dircksen, what defence or assistance was furnished to any of ours at that time. 3. The piles of ashes from the burnt houses, barns, barracks and other buildings, and the bones of the cattle, more than sufficiently demonstrate the ordinary care that was bestowed We …

Arent van Curler verbally communicated that information to us as worthy of belief; and that the aforesaid Curler declared, at the house of the Minister, Everhardus Bogardus, in the presence of Captain de Vries, that he had heard Mons"' de la Montaigne complain in the tavern to Martin Krygier, that Mr. Kieft's power in this country was greater and more extensive, as regards his …

Kieft sent for us on the subject of the demanded toll, and left us sitting in the room from eight o'clock until noon, without asking us a question notwithstanding we frequently notified him by the messenger of our arrival and of our being there in waiting to hear what his Honor would please to submit to us, but not a word in explanation did his Honor send us, and leaving the …

Kieft, that we had committed an error on this point in our communication; but 'tis to be feared that, when compared with other declarations, something strange will be found in it. But we leave this on one side, and refer to our Minister and Cornells van Tienhoven, the Secretary, both of whom read it for the purpose of punctuating it, and who flung it from the table on account …

Would to God we may be found to be liars on this point. But the truth thereof shall be more than sufficiently established hereafter before their High Mightinesses. 9. That there was at the time a supply of 2,500 pounds of powder. We shall not assert precisely if there were 2 or 300 pounds more or less, but merely say, that there ought to have been a good portion according tola …

We do not corroborate the whole of this matter in our letters; we merely say, that we believe it. 2. As this point has no relation to the general affairs of the country, but merely regards the difficulty between Mr. Kieft and the above named skipper, we shall therefore refrain from it and pass to the conclusion. His Honor says, first, that all these points of our letter are …

They, especially Jacob Stoffelsen and Isack Allerton, cheated the good people whose names they dishonestly made use of, and whom they imploringly besought to sign, thus deceiving the Lords Patroons, inducing them to believe that the original letter was signed by the Eight men. This appears, indeed, clear, be it remarked, that when the letter was exhibited to them they …

We willingly confess that we have not experienced what the philosopher here represents, for not an unkind word was exchanged between us and Mr. Kieft in our intercourse with that gentleman. His Honor must prove that the Eight chosen men, who were elected by the Commonalty and approved and authorized by his Honor and his Council, acted unlawfully in communicating to their High …

shall remain in shame and disgrace ; if the contrary be established, to wit, that it was urged forward through his own fancy, let us then once see what the law of nations thinks of it; for in the exacting of punishment, this law must first of alt be observed, so that no war be ever again undertaken, unless men are stronger than the opposite party. For not only doth prudence …

For this reason Linius says -- " That is a just war, which is a necessary one." James, King of Great Britain, in his lifetime admitted this; and Propertius says " A soldier -- must bear arms in order thereby to control arms." Moreover, even just cause, does not oblige rulers to undertake war for their subjects, except it can be done without damage to all, or the majority of …

a war for a great cause." From all that has been here stated on the subject of war, it can readily be concluded how prudently we must proceed in the matter; and how hazardous it is to engage in it, especially with so rude and barbarous a people as these Indians are. This being now laid aside, let us conclude. As regards the letter to the XIX. by the Blue Cock, we cannot …

It is remarked, that Mr. Kieft demands in his declaration, which was read to us in your Honor's court on the 1S"» instant, that we be sent to Holland as pests and seditious persons. We, therefore, respectfully request of your Honors that it be granted to us, not to go as pestilent and seditious persons, as his Honor represents, but as good patriots and proprietors of New …

Finally and lastly, we respectfully pray the General and Council to be pleased to legally call together, before the departure of the Princess, all the freemen and Company's servants, who have survived the war, and ask them conjointly the following question, to wit: If we did not live in peace with these surrounding Indians before they were slaughtered, in February, 1643, on …

We were greatly rejoiced at the miraculous arrival of the Blue Cock here with so many of the Company's people, and therefore hoped that the field would be taken with between three and four hundred men, (not including the sailors and settlers,) divided into three companies of one hundred and thirty men each, and by this force, the neighboring savages for 15 (al 20 miles around …

In the meanwhile the Indians secreted without molestation their fish caught this last summer on the river, of which they had uninterrupted use at their pleasure. Our fields lie fallow and waste; our dwellings and other buildings are burnt; not a handful can be planted or sown this fall on all the abandoned places. The crop, which God the Lord permitted to come forth during the …

There are amongst us, who by the sweat and labor of their hands, have been endeavoring at great expense, to improve their lands and gardens; others with their own capital, have equipped with every necessary their own ships, which have been captured by the enemy in coming hither, though they have continued the voyage with equal zeal, and at considerable cost. Some, again …

All these are now laid in ashes through a foolish hankering after war ; for it is known to all right thinking men here, that these Indians have lived as lambs among us until a few years ago, injuring no one, affording every assistance to our nation, and had in Director van Twiller's time (when supplies had not been sent for several months), furnished provisions to several of …

against the other; but to establish harmony again, is in the power of God alone." A semblance of peace was attempted to be patched up last spring with one or two tribes of Savages towards the North by a foreigner ' whom we, for cause, shall not now name, without one of the Company's servants having been present, whilst our principal enemies are left unmolested. This place hath …

The cause of this is, that they have not experienced any opposition from us this summer, nor lost any of their crops. And, thus, have they circumvented us by a strategem under pretense of peace. Had diligence which is most necessary in time of war, been used, as we requested, with the force of the Blue Cock, during this season, the Indians would, beyond a peradventure, have …

Two guides have recently been called from the North with whom Captain De Vries was sent, on the 22'' instant, with a party on an expedition in that direction. They killed eight* but as the saying is -- " Whenever we lay one enemy low. On the morrow another returns the blow." With those raw and naked soldiers who have resided for so many years in warm climates, we shall have to …

For the sake of appearances, Twelve men were called together here, in November, 1642^ pn the subject of the murder of Claes, the wheelwright; the Director submitted to them whether the blood of the aforesaid wheelwright should not be avenged? Whereupon divers debates arose on the one side and the other, as the document will show; for at this time a hankering after war had …

It was, indeed, sufficiently manifest how little were these Eight men respected, for no sooner did they open their mouths to propose anything tending in their judgment to the public good, than the Director met them with sundry biting and scoffing taunts ; and sometimes had them summoned, without asking them a question, thus obliging them to return amidst jeers and sneers, as …

there was a more suitable means devisable, by which the poor Commonalty could be spared (to wit), that the private traders, who had drawn excessive profits from the country, by their injurious usury, should contribute something to the public service. And what further followed is seen in two different Remonstrances; but the Director was pleased to disregard this; rejected it …

On that subject it contains as many lies as lines as we are informed by the ; Minister and others who have read it; and from our time to his, as few facts as leaves. It is to be embellished with an oil painting. We shall not question what sort of birds are in the woods, nor what species offish resort the rivers here; nor the length and breadth of the land. All tins is more …

But with your permission we shall postpone it to a more appropriate time. Honored Lords ! This is what we have, in the sorrow of our hearts, to complain of; that one man, who has been sent out, sworn and instructed by his Lords and masters, to whom he is responsible, should dispose here of our lives and properties at his will and pleasure, in a manner so arbitrary that a King …

For it is impossible ever to settle this country until a different system be introduced here, and a new Governor sent out with more people, who will settle in suitable places, one near the other, in the form of villages or hamlets, and elect from among themselves a Bailiff or Schout and Schepens, who will be empowered to send their deputies and give their votes on public …

IsACK Allerton, Jacob Stoffelsen, This is the mark ~~j y of Thomas Hall, Gerrit Wolffersen, Jan Evertsen Bout, made by himself. The mark p of CoRNELis Melyn, Barent Dikcksen, made by himself. Judgment pronounced hy Director Stmjvesant on Jochem Pietersen Kmjter. It. 1647. The 10 August this was sent to my house by the clerk, Jacob Kieft. Whereas, Jochim Pietersen Kuyter, aged …

We and Our Council having inquired and taken testimony as to the truth thereof, at the request of said Director Kieft, it is, accordingly, found that such libelous letter is in many parts, false, lying and defamatory, as appears and is proved by experience and by the evidence of others heard to the number of fifteen ; also, by the confession and answers of the co-signers …

Therefore the Hon''''' Director General Petrus Sluyvesant, with the advice of his Hon"' Council, administering justice in the name of their High Mightinesses, the Lords Slates General, his Serene Highness, the Hon'''' Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, hath condemned, as he hereby doth condemn, the abovenamed Jochem Pietersen, to a banishment of three …

Resolutions of the States General on the opening of Trade in New Netherland. [ From the Ecgiater of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal ArcliiTea al the Hague. ] Saturday, IS"" January, 1648. Foiio324. rphe am last section of the Management of the Company which treats The seventh and New Netherland how to frequent it. ; Difference belw Qf ]\jg^ Netherlaud, is taken …

export their country produce under suitable duty, in their .,,,.,. own , i.. or chartered ships, to Brazil and Angola, on these following conditions: first, that the aforesaid ships, when in Brazil, shall not be at liberty to return back, with sugars to New Netherland aforesaid, but shall let themselves be chartered directly hither. Secondly, that the permit to proceed to …

proved by Zealand. January last. Resolution of the States General on Complaints against Directors Kieft and St'uyvesant. [ From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.] Friday, ?" February, 1648. Priva^°"c°orpiaint8 ^^^^ two petitions of Jochem "Pieters' C. Melyn, and Michiel Bucquet, ofNewNet^Miand! Complaining of the Directors …

Brazil, in their own ships, fish, flour and country produce, the growth of that country and no other, in the manner and form granted in the next preceding article, as stipulated of wines and oil, on such duty as is paid in the country to the Company on the exportation thereof, on condition that the ships from Brazil must not return to New Netheriand with any cargo, but come …

Kegniation reapect- ^^w Netheriand Can never be a source of profit for the Company, until the '" ^"'^ Kfiheriand' population from our country be encouraged more than it has hitherto been, which can be effected by allowing them, in addition to their present privilege, to export their fish, flourand produce, the growth of that couutry and no other, to Brazil, in private or the …

Coui missiouers on the Redress of the declining affairs of the West India Company, have reported in virtue of, and pursuant to your High Mightinesses' resolution of the SS* March 1647, adopted before granting the Charter of the West India Company, and made on your High Mightinesses' letters to the respective Chambers dated W December 1647, to send their respective deputies to …

And whereas the present statement was made up at the time of the Portuguese rebellion in Brazil, in the lowest condition of that conquest, your High Mightinesses' Commissioners also requested of the Accountants the statement of the Company's receipts and expenditure in Brazil, previous to the rebellion, in order to ascertain whether, in case of the re-establishment of Brazil …

And, hereupon, were divers good opinions brought in, as is to be seen from the report (No. 3) of the business transacted thereupon, from the 9 January to the ll"" February; the opinions of the five Chambers of Amsterdam, Zealand, Maaze, North Quarter and Groningen No. 4 :with, likewise, the general report ( No. 5 ) drawn up from the aforesaid opinions of the five Chambers, and …

And your High Mightinesses' Commissioners hereunto would propose, as prompt means: -- 1° A reduction of expenses both at home and abroad, and with this view, the stoppage and cessation of the yearly allowance of Eighty-eight Directors and their attendants (suppoosteii), which amounts to about one hundred and fifty thousand guilders, according to the return of the Accountants …

The Amsterdam Chamber ought to have the Advocate with two clerks, one porter and two messengers. Each of the other Chambers might have one clerk, acting also as Book-keeper, one porter and one messenger, the expense of which would amount yearly, according to the rate of pay now given, as by the specification. No. 8, is to be seen. Tiiese six Accountants and nineteen Directors …

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 219 And when deliberating on future important affiiirs, the aforesaid nineteen Directors could be Bummoned to the Hague, in order provisionally for one, two or three years to do the business which the Assembly of the Nineteen is wont to transact. The reduction of the Company's foreign expenses in Brazil and other countries, could be effected according …

The best and greatest oeconomy consists in rendering the Company's servants, high and low, accountable for their respective offices, so that they shall be bound to vindicate the same, and to send over to the Chamber of Accounts their written return within one month after the expiration of the year, to be examined, balanced and corrected, according to their respective …

convey hither the advices respecting, and from, Brazil during the employment of the Military for the recovery of that place. 3. The third means is, that an effort be made to promote trade to the Caribbean islands, according to the regulation concluded thereupon, and as it is hoped three or four tons of gold will be yearly realized from such trade, that the proceeds be applied …

The trade and commerce to Angola is with the special permission of the Chambers, laid open pursuant to a certain regulation, for two years. From this source a good return may also be expected for the support of the Company. The trade to New Netherland is in like manner opened, in order that the grain and produce of that country may be exported to other places ; the regulation …

And the aforesaid subsidies would tend to the recovery and preservation of a mighty Kingdom, to the security of this state against all hostile machinations, and to the enlarging of a wished for trade in sugars, Brazil wood and other costly wares. Which Military could afterwards, when Brazil, through the blessing of God the Lord, shall be reduced, be paid out of the tenths and …

The Accountants can inquire into, and make pertinent report hereupon, according to the evidence of those who are acquainted therewith, so that such collection may be made from time to time, when Brazil is restored, and further abuses therein be prevented at the right time. The required indemnity for damages committed in Brazil by the Portuguese and Rebel inhabitants in sugars …

The seventh means is: The prosecution of the Salt trade at Punto del Rey, which might by inductive means, be facilitated by the Spanish plenipotentiaries before the ratification, by our plenipotentiaries, of the Treaty of Peace at Munster ; the rather, as the inhabitants of Spain do not draw any salt from Punto del Rey. It is necessary that the cultivation of wheat and other …

The Commissioners, with this report, deliver the papers therein mentioned, with the commissions from the respective Chambers, to the deputed Directors with whom they have acted, as is to be seen by the annexed register. Eesoiutiod of states General on Ihe pre- Whlch being° taken into consideration, their High o Mightinesses o have thanked ceding Keporu the above mentioned …

N" 4.* Opinion of five Chambers, to wit, Amsterdam, N° 1 ; Zealand, 2 ; the Maaze, 3 ; North Quarter, 4; Groningen, 5. N° 5. General Report drawn up from the aforesaid opinions of the five Chambers. N" 6. Advice of the Lords of Holland, with remarks of the respective Chambers in the margin. N" 7. Advice of the Company's Chamber of Accounts, N" 8.* Statement of the Chamber of …

N° 14.* Extract of Pieter van der Hagen's account of debts due the Company, to the amount of seventy-nine tons of gold. N° 15.* Commissions of the respective Chambers for the business respecting the redress of the West India Company. (No. 5.) Memoir to serve for a general Report of the Directors deputed by the respective Chambers of the West India Company, in the matter of …

It was heretofore considered, that it had reference particularly and exclusively to the the trade and commerce prosecuted by the Company, or by individuals with the Company's permission, within the limits and districts of the charter, whence have arisen a great many disputes up to this time among the Chambers but such ; order has at present been provisionally made therein, as …

Order and Regulation of the General Incorporated West India Company, made at the Assembly of the XIX., with the approbation of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, by and pursuant to which each and every of the inhabitants of the United Provinces shall be at liberty to trade to certain parts hereinafter mentioned, within the limits of the above …

decree and ordain anew, that the ships of the aforesaid inhabitants shall be at liberty henceforth to sail in the West Indies, to wit, from the River Oronoco, westward along the coast of Paria, Cumana, Venezuela, Carthagena, Porto Bello, Honduras, Campeachy, the Gulf of Mexico and the coast of Florida also, between and around all the Islands situate within the ; said district …

The ships which will repair to the before mentioned permitted parts within the charter, must be provided with clearance and authority from the General Incorporated West India Company, at the Assembly of the XIX, which shall be issued to the skippers, owners or charter-party, in the Chamber from which they shall conclude to send out their respective ships, under the penalty …

tobacco or cotton, and all other wares and merchandises, the growth of the aforesaid limits, but it is, also, designed to commit offensively and defensively, every hostility and damage on the King of Castile's subjects, they shall be also obliged to take with them a commission from his Highness the Lord Prince of Orange, as Captain Admiral General together with the permit of …

And the aforesaid ships shall be bound to take on board one Supercargo to whom, pursuant XIX. adopted the 4 October 1643, to the resolution of the shall be given instruction and commission at the Chamber where the aforesaid ships who shall have his berth and table in the cabin, at the expense of the ship and her owners, his monthly wages being 224 NEW-YORK COLONIAL …

The skippers being desirous to take with them, in the outward voyage, any goods, wares or merchandise in the aforesaid ships, whether as their own freight, or on commission, shall make true entry thereof to the Company by notice under their hand, and afterwards break bulk in their stores, that such goods may be inspected and marked with the Company's mark, and pay therefor the …

prizes which may be captured in their presence, unless they be, by the Admiral General or Commander of the said Company's ships, expressly requested to assist, in which case the prizes which shall have been captured by the Company's ships and them conjointly, shall be equally divided according to the ship's equipment, guns and force, and from their portion shall moreover be …

Item ; the aforesaid ships will be at liberty to sell and dispose, within the before described limits of the charter, the goods,wares and merchandise they take with them, and in return to buy, obtain and take in others such as Timber, Salt, Tobacco, Cotton, Hides etc., the produce of those parts, either on their own account, or as freight or on commission, and bring them over …