Ruttenber, E.M. History of the Indian Tribes of Hudson's River; their origin, manners and customs; tribal and sub-tribal organizations; wars, treaties, etc., etc. Albany: J. Munsell, 1872.

A treaty was greater, part then concluded, by which the Mohawks, were to have the king of their fires, and the Mahicans were to hold them them Uncle. Hendrik was the king in reverence, first and call named such by " who lived to a the Mohawks, after this decisive victory, great " and was killed at the battle of Lake George age," says Brown, under Sir William Johnson." The …

O'Callaghan says that the word is a corruption of the Algon " the quin Kaaks-0&, from Kaak, a goose, and aki, locality, of the wild goose." Another interpretation is Cookcountry sockuy, signifying owl-hoot. The most satisfactory explana tion will be found perhaps in co, object, and ak'i, land, the reference being to the clay banks which rise there to the height of 100 feet …

Schoolcraft gives Tawasentba as the orthography of the former term and regards it as signifying " the place of the many dead," adding that the Mohawks once had a village there, and that in excavating the road to Bethlehem an Indian burial ground was opened. But the Mohawks never had a village there, and the interpretation is in apparent violanames. have yet to find the name of …

Canastagione^ a tract in signifi Albany county, mean the great maize land, from onuste (Mohawk) and It is added that Niskayunah^ the maize, couane, great. name of this is present tract, only a variation of Canastagione, said to is and is derived from onatschia another Iroquois word for maize, the o and t being dropped. (O'C.) Saratoga is said to be derived from soragh^ salt …

my endeavors and have gone so far in it that I have prevailed with the Indians to consent to come back from Canada on condition that I procure for them a piece of land called Seracbtague lying upon Hudson's river about forty miles fort above Albany, and there furnish them with priests." was subsequently erected there and a settlement formed. In the war of 1745, the fort was …

places where streams empty them" What their selves. etymologies are," he adds, " I have not been able to ascerexcept as to Skcncctadea y Albany, signifies the place the natives of Iroquois the through arrived at pine trees." by travelling Collections Neva York Historical Society, I, 43. of APPENDIX. with about twenty houses; thirty persons were killed and The Indians were not …

ing would be, the island at the falls ; or applied to the falls, The would class them as small compared with Niagara. term is Mahican, and is applied in another form to a district in New Hampshire, the Coos country. Van der Donck says of the falls, as they appeared in 1656 u The water glides over : the falls as smooth as if it ran over an even wall and fell over the same. The …

over a stony bottom, skipping, foaming and whirling boisterously about the distance of a gun-shot or more." Ante, p. 205. ERRATA. Page ** " 9, 9th line, for then, read than. 9, igth line, for "hospitality, so, read hospitality. 24, 9th line, for make, read also. 27, zist line, for sacrifice and fires, read sacrificial fires. 27, 22d line, for Kitxinaeta read Kitzinacka. 27 …

murder Mahican nation, Mohawk chiefs, 41 j 156; English agree not to assist, 1595 made peace with the Iroquois, 1835 make peace with the Mahicans, 2525 Iroquois refuse to renew war with, 193 Abraham, or Schabash, a Mahican chief, converted by Moravians, 197 j made captain by Mahicans, 89 ; assistant at Gnadenhiitten, 89; elected chief sachem of Mahicans of the Delaware, 197 …

Algonquin nations, 56, 64 Allegewi, tradition concerning, 45 Alliances, how formed, 32 Alliance, nature of, between ^the Dutch and the Iroquois, 145 ; of Dutch with Long Island chieftaincies, 1245 of English with Iroquois and Mahicans, ori Adogbegnewalquo, a Mohawk chief, ad dress of, 141 Aepjin, chief sachem of Mahicans, 58 j party to treaty of 1645, 118; totemic signature …

Burnet, 191 Appamanskoch, sachem of Raritans, 90 Aquackanonks, location of, 91 Armies, how composed, 30 Ashhurst, Sir John, buys lands of Waoranecks, 93 Assiapam, sachem of Matinecocks, 74 Assinapink creek, 92, 377 Atkarkarton, Kingston so called, 125, Attention in sickness, 23 Atyataronghta, Louis, captain of Oneidas, aids the Americans, 284 Aupamut, see Hendrik, Captain …

Bloom, Domine, description of Esopus massacre, 147 Boone, Daniel, 257 Bouwensen, Thomas, roasted and eaten by Mohawks, 100 Boquet, Col., expedition of, 246, 248 Braddock, General, 220, 222 Bradstreet, Col., expedition of, 248 ; opin ion of, concerning Iroquois, 249 Brainerd, Rev. David, missionary labors, Johnson, Sir John, 265 Johnson, Sir William, 260 Kirkland, Rev. Samuel …

flight of, at Fort Schuyler, 274 j efforts of, to arouse western tribes, 290 5 biographical sketch of, 313 Bull, Captain, son of Teedyuscung, 247 Burgoyne, Gen., expedition of, 273 Burnet, Governor, address to Mahicans, Butler, John, accompanies Guy Johnson, Walter N., accompanies Guy John Red Jacket, a Seneca chief, 317 son, 263 ; commands in expedition Saunders, Robert, 357 …

Calmet, theory of, 1 6 Canada, settlement of, commenced, 53 Canestogaes, massacre of, 245 Canassatiego, an Iroquois viceroy, speech pes, 301 Thayendanega, or Joseph Brant, 313 of, 69 Canopus, sachem of Nochpeems, 80 INDEX. Captains, war chiefs so called, 31 treaty Cornbury, Gov., attends conference at Albany, 184. Cornstalk, commands Lenapes and Shawanoes, 2565 biographical …

Gov. George, commands in expedi tion for relief of Schoharie valley, Coginiquant, sachem of Nesaquakes, 74 Colden, Lieut. Gov., 57 Coleman, John, killed by the Indians, 9 Colonists, efforts, of, to secure neutrality of Indian tribes in Revolution, 261 Communipau, aboriginal name of, 90, 376 Weckquaes- Conarhanded, sachem of geeks, 79 Esopus Croton, traditionary sachem of …

Stony Point, n, 77 Albany, 1754, 212, at Albany, 1776, 263 II j at Shorackappock, at the Tappans, 91 j prevent massacre among endeavors to agents cupy, 150, 259 Conflict with Indians, Conference negotiates with Indians, 151, 154 at Cralo, Fort, Greenbush, 149 Cresap's War, causes of, 255 tion of the, tion against Iroquois, 279 Wyoming, no j Gen. James, commands Connecticut …

allies, Iroquois, quois, 280 ; treaty of, with Iro of the French, 69 ; gives medals to the Iroquois, 1 69 j appeals to James II, to main tain alliance with Iroquois, 169; feat the operations Corchaugs, location of, 74 Corlear's Hook, massacre of Indians at, 106, 108 j aboriginal name of, 361 asks for Catholic priests, 169 INDEX. Dress, of an Indian belle, 21 ; description of …

Emerick, Col., account of battle of Cortland's Ridge, 286, 287 English capture Fort Amsterdam, 1585 treaty with the Iroquois, 55, 158; treaty with Mahicans, 158, 1605 laws regulating intercourse with the tion to build Fort at Gnadenhiitten, French, employ Catholic missionaries, 1 68 ; secure treaty of neutrality, with Duke of York, 169; make Indians, 1625 treaty of Esopus, 163 …

Esopus Indians, chieftaincies of, 94, 95 ; make peace with the Senecas, 68 ; first war with the Dutch, 1205 sa chems solicit peace, 128 ; Stuyvesant holds conference with, 129; Indians massacred at, 1335 renew hostilities, 135 j treaty of peace with (1660), 142; Stuyvesant sends chiefs into slavery, 138; demand renewal of treaty, 146 ; second war with, 147 ; treaty of peace …

wars, 1195 responsible for the Esopus wars, 134; surrender province to the English, 158 at, Five Nations, see Iroquois Fletcher, Gov., 175; hastens to the re lief of the Mohawks, 175 Food and mode of preparation, 24 Fort Amsterdam held in siege by the In surrendered to the dians, 113, 123 English, 158; Nassau, construction Dunmore, Gov., 2,57 quins, Fantinekil, attack on, 277 …

held conference with Iroquois at, 263 portion of, remove to Oghawaga, 20 1 272 ; conference with , domestic clans, 20 1 friendly, invited to re move from back settlements, 230; ; friendly, massacred friendly, near remove to Galissoniere, INDEX. Gil, sachem of Seatalcats, 74 Gist, Christopher, commissioned to treat with Western tribes, 209 Geographical nomenclature, 361 …

Mereyekawick, Brooklyn, 365 Meghkeekassin, a rock, Yonkers, Montauk, Long Island, 365 Meahagh, Verplanck's point, 367 Magopson, New Rochelle, 367 Muscoota, Harlem river, 367 Mockquams, Blind Brook, 367 Mahopak lake, Putnam county, Matteawan creek, Dutchess county, Mahicanituk, Hudson's river, 42 Mankackkewachky, Raritan mea 39.7. Achsinink, Shawaugunk kill,389 Aioskawosting …

Machackoesk, Kinderhook, 374 Maggrnapogh, New Paltz, Ulster county, 393 Machawanick, Katskill, 394 Naghtognk, Corlear's Hook, New York, 361 Nepeage, Long Island, 365 Namke Creek, Long Island, 365 Namke creek, Long Island, 365 Neperah, saw mill creek, 365 Nappeckamak, Yonkers, 365 Narrasunck, Haverstraw, 377 Neversink Hills, New Jersey, 376 Neweskeke, Albany county, 396 …

Schenectady, Albany, 398 Saratoga, Saratoga county, 398 Seepus, Esopus river, 94 Sannahagog, opposite Albany, 374 Sheepshack, Lansingburgh, 375 Schanwemisch, Ulster county, 388 Sackahampa, Columbia county, 373 Totama, Passaick Falls, 376 Tuphanne, Rockland county, 377 Tongapogh kil, Orange county, 377 Taghkanick mountains, Columbia county, 373 Twastawekah, Klaverack creek …

Shawangunk, Ulster county, 388 Sankpenak, Roeloff Jansen's kil, Scompamuck, Ghent, Columbia county, 373 Schodac, Columbia county, 58, 374 Schotack, Aepjin's Island, 375 Sieskasin, Coeymans, 396 Westchester Co., 78,366 Wysquaqua, Wicker's creek, 78 Waumainuck, Delancey's neck, 367 Weputing, Dutchess county, 369 Wicopee, Dutchess county, 370 Wappingers Falls, Dutchess Co …

Hackinsacks, location of, 905 Van der Horst settles among, 104 ; a warrior robbed, 1045 complaint of, re garding presents, in j young men clamor for war, 1 1 1 ; take part in war of 1643, no; propose an ex of, change of prisoners, 12,3; negotiate on behalf of Esopus Indians, 139 Gen., commands expedition against Lenapes and Shawanoes, Hathorn, Col.., commands in battle of …

aboriginal name of, 375, 376 Hoosic falls, aboriginal name of, 376 Horikans, location of, 85 Housatonic river, neutral boundary line, Hudson, Henry, 7 5 conflict of, with In dians at Stony of, Point, II ; conflict with Indians at Shorackappock, II, 77 ; discovers the Mahicanituk, 7 j intoxicates Indians at Castleton, 10 ; 12 j 8 $ traditions respecting his visit, Indians at …

blems, 49 ; tradition respecting or ganization of confederacy, 36 ; called the Five Nations, 36, 39 ; form of government, 39; organization of confederacy, 39 ; national council, 40 5 political supremacy, 52 ; wars with the Hurons, 53 ; defeated by Champlain, 535 territory invaded by the French, 54 ; make treaty with the Dutch, 54; treaties with the English, 53, 55, 1585 French …

Lenapes, 224 ; reply to invitation to embark in war of 1765, 223 $ resolve to remain neutral in war of Revolu tion, 262, 264, 2665 debauched by the English, 267 ; divided in alliance in war of the Revolution, strength in the British alliance, 273 j territory invaded by expedition under Gen. Sullivan, 279 ; condition un der treaty of peace with Great Bri- INDEX. Iroquois …

against Schoharie settlements, biographical notice of, 265 284; missioned captain, 196 Kregier, Martin, journal of second Esopus commands expedition war, 60; against Esopus Indians, 149 Krieckbeck, commandant at Fort Orange, joins war party of Mahicans, 1005 killed by the Mohawks, 100 Kryn, chief of the Caghnawagas, 180 La Barre, governor of Canada, 169 Lafayette, Mahicans …

Johnson Hall, battle of, 285 Joselyn, John, 16 Juet, Hudson's mate, Castleton, 9 specting traditionary 95; loving men of, to tributary strengthened Shawanoes Kieft, director, attempts the collection of 101 ; urges war measures, 102; proclaims a public fast, 1095 solicits aid from New England, 113; mediation of Mohawks and Mahicans, 117 King, Thomas, chief of the Oghakawagas …

Jumonville, death of, 210 Kalebackers, Indians having guns, 136 Katskills, location of, possession declare war against the English, 2195 devastations by, along the Kittatinny mountains, and on the Susquehanna, 220 ; hostilities in tht Minnisinks, 221, 238 ; declare themselves men, 225 j Johnson sends peace embassy to, 224; John son appoints conference with, 228 ; Johnson …

Lewis, Colonel, death of, 257 Logan, attack on encampment 255 ; commands war Senecas, etc., ; party of, of biographical peace of Esopus, 145 ; at war with the Mohawks, 149, 156; meet French Indians at Cohoes, 145; united in covenant with the Iroquois, 161 ; instigated to hostilities against Dutch by the English, i6oj the Mohawks, 175, 1765 assist the strength of, in Albany …

riginal name of, 365 Long Reach, Indians of, 177 Losses sustained by the Dutch in war of to Oneida county, 1643, 108 Mahican confederacy, nine nations com posing, 41, 85; originalseat of, 41 ; subdue tribes on the sea-coast, 41 Mahicans, a nation of the Mahican con federacy, 41, 855 welcome Hudson at Castleton, 9; territory of, 34, 85; national sub-tribal divisions, 85 5 …

Dutch, 66 ; attack the Manhattans, 105 ; defeat the Mo hawks, 60, 61 5 murder Dutch sol diers, 131; solicit peace on behalf from the of Esopus Indians, 137; included in rate against English in Westchester county, 286; Washington's testi mony regarding, 287 ; removal of, 292 j removal of, Mahak Niminaw, sachem of Katskills, to Wisconsin, Mahican, Abraham, 88 Mahikanders …

food and mode of preparation, 24; go vernment and laws, 29 ; medicines, 27 ; occupation, 24 ; organization of armies, 31; plurality of wives, 22; punishment for murder, 33 ; religious and worship, 27 ; rank and belief titles, 30 ; title to lands, 30 ; wam pum, 26; war, preparation for, 31 INDEX. 4lO Manners and customs, continued war song of Lenapes, 32; weapons of war, 25 Van …

Mississagies, accepted as the seventh na tion of the Iroquois confederacy, 199; alliance of, with Iroquois broken, 200 Mitchill, Dr. theory of, 16 Mohawks, a tribe of the Five Nations, 36} territory of, 96; villages and castles of, 97 j totems of, 49 ; mode of declaring war, 31 j conversion of, by Jesuits, 56; obtain fire-arms, 66, 100 j at war with the Hurons, 53 ; first …

Miami Rapids, council of tribes at, 291 Mingoes, origin of, 257 Minichque, a Mahican sachem, mortally injured by negroes, 185; biographi cal notice of, 319 Minnisinks, a chieftaincy of Minsis, lo cation and villages of, 965 one of, charged with murder at Esopus, 127; take part in war of 1689, 178 j visited by Arent Schuyler, l8ij invite Shawanoes to settle among, 181 5 Minsis …

Esopus Indians, 133; send embassy to Esopus to negotiate peace, 136} regard Esopus war as having been caused by the Dutch, 141 j included in peace of Esopus, 145 ; complain of* bad treatment, 144; castles destroyed by the French, 175 j Zinzendorp's statement concerning, 187; chiefs visit England, i88j in expedition 189} in expedition against Canada, Crown Point, 223 j aid the …

Mount Misery, traditionary battle at, 81 Muhhekaneew, original names of Mahicans, 41 ; orthography of, 41, 42 Murderer's kil, Indians of, 93 Murder, atonement for, 31 Murders committed by Indians, 120 Nanfan, Lieut. Gov., attends conference at Albany, 184 a Nanticokes, Katskil, of settled at removal of, from portion 95 ; Maryland to Pennsylvania, 199; ac cept Mahicanders as …

Oghkawagas, 200 ; Mahican clans settle among, 200 Ska; niadaradighroonas settle among, 200; Chugnuts settle among, 201 ; Esopus Indians settle among, 201 ; King, called the Thomas, chief of, 201; connection war of Revolution, 201 French endeavor valley, secure to possession of the, 208, 209, 210 Onackatin, sachem of Warranawonkongs, 95 ; party to treaty of 1665, 165 j lands …

of, invaded by French, 176 ; Zinzendorf's opinion of, 187; territory Necariages, application of, for acceptance as seventh nation of Iroquois, refused, 8 1, 84, 202; visits England, killed in battle of Cortland's declare themselves independent, 208 ; accept war-belts of the crown, 273 ; capital of, destroyed by Sulli van, 280 ; apply to Oneidas for re lief, 281 Onondaga …

Papequanaehen, an Esopus chief, killed, Parnau, sachem of Rockaways, 73 INDEX. Passachquon, sachem of Navisinks, 90 Patchogues, location of the, 75 Patthunck, sachem of Siwanoys, 82 Pauw, Michael, settlement of, 106, 107 Pavonia, Jersey city so called, 106; Manhattan fugitives at, 106 j massa cre at, 107, 1 08 Paxinos, a sachem of Minnisinks, 1785 Punganis, lands of, 177, 387 …

Pennacooks, location of, 8 5 ; dispersion of, 62 j a portion of, settle at Schaticook, 63 j invited to remove to Canada, 184; remnant of, carried Dutch, ioij destroy a family at Mespath, 131 ; remove to Oneida lake, 90, 293 ; remove to Lake Michigan, 90 ; New Jersey pays claim for lands, 293 Rauch, Christian Henry, missionary, 197 Rechtauck, Manhattan fugitives at, 1065 …

Ponus, sachem of Toquams, 80, 82 Ponupahowhelbshelen, sachem of Weckquaesgeeks, 79 Pos, Captain, taken prisoner, 123; ne gotiates treaty of peace, 124 Potick, a Mahican village, 63, 395 5 fugi King Philip's war at, 63 Poughkeepsie, aboriginal name of, 371 Poygratasuck, sachem of Manhassets, 74 tives from Praying Indians, Jesuit converts so called, Red Hook, traditionary battle …

Schaticooks, elements composing the, 1 66, 186} date of organization, 166; take part in war of 1689, 178; in expedition against Canada, 189 ; of Connecticut, 166 ; elements compos ing* 195 Presents, use of, in negotiations, 29, 31, Schaticook, orthography and signification Preummaker, Schenectady, of, a chief of Warranawon- 95 ; killed by the 1385 land of, 138 Prisoners …

Silver Heels, murder of, 256 Sing Sing, aboriginal name of, 79, 366 Sint-sinks, location of, 795 treaty with, Minsis, 68, 145 j delegation Fort Orange, 1445 included visits with Mohawks in peace of Esopus, 145 Stuyvesant urges them to make Sirham, sachem of Kitchawongs, 79 Siwanoys, location of the, 81 peace with Minsis, 146 ; subjugate Minsis, 69; attack French trading …

Island, DeVries's plantation on, 101 $ aboriginal name of, 362 Stockbridge, mission established at, 196 Stockbridges, Mahicans so called, 89 regards Manhattan wars as having been caused by Dutch, 124; holds conference with Esopus In Stuyvesant, 83 $ compelled to pay tribute to Pequots, 83 126; demands Esopus lands indemnity, 1 27 ; declares war against Esopus Indians, 137 5 …

152; expedition for reduc 1525 third expedition to, 153 ; Miss Mack killed at, 283 j lo cation and signification, 388 Shawanoes, removal of, from Maryland, 180: aided by Mahicans, 180; make peace with Iroquois, 180; settle among the Minsis, 1805 num ber in expedition against Canada, 189 5 take part in Lenape wars (see fort at, St. tion of, mjssionaries at, 86, 197, 198 Regis …

Tarrytown, aboriginal name of, 79, 366 Teedyuscung, chief sachem of Lenapes, 69, 227 j commands war-party of Eastern Lenapes, 2195 holds con ference with Shawanoe and Mahican 220 j attends conference at allies, Mount Johnson, 228 ; attends con ference at Onondaga, 228 ; makes with Johnson, 2315 holds conference with governor of Pennsyl treaty 232 ; speech of, at Easton, 2335 …

Tobaccus, sachem of Patchogues, 75 Totems and totemic classifications, 49 3615 Dans-Kammer, 383; Hiawatha, 365 Iroquois respecting origin, 35; Lenapes, respecting ori gin, 45 ; Lenapes, respecting subjuga tion, 64 ; Mahicans, respecting ori gin, 42 ; Mahicans, respecting Hud son's visit, 13 ; Mahopac lake, 368 ; Manetta hill, 364; Naoman, a tra dition of Murderer's creek, 378 …

Unukat's castle, 85 Van der Donck, description of Indians of New York, 20 ; sub-tribal classifi cations of, 72 Van Dyck, Hendrik kills a squaw, 121 j shot by the Indians, 122 Vaudreuil, invades neutral territory, 204 Van Voorst, Garret Jansen, killed, 104 Van Tienhoven, secretary, mother of, 108 Verazzano, of description Indians of New York, 19 Verdrietig Hook, 92, 93, 377 …

Wappingers, continued with the, 136 encouraged by Eng : 1555 solicit peace for Esopus Indians, 155; take part in war of 1689, 178; removal of lish to revolt, Otseningo, 231 ; claim Dutchess county, 252 j aid Americans in war of Revolution, 2865 signification of name, 370 clans to lands in Warwarsinks, location of, 95 Wawayanda, signification of, 385 ^ Wawiachech, sachem of …

War song of Lenapes, 32 Wars, Cresap's, 285 ; Esopus, first, 120, 133 ; Esopus, second, 146 ; French, and Indian, 1787, 171 ; 1702, 187; 1744, 203; 1785, 208; Iroquois and the French, 172; King Philip's, 62; Lenapes for independence, 2165 **Lenapes, etc., 1793, 291 ; Mahicans and Manhattan, 105 j Mahiand Mohawks, 58, cans 158 ; Minsis and Senecas, 67, 145 ; Mo hawks and the …

warrior of, killed, 101 j attacked by the Dutch, 1035 murder Ann Hutchinson, at, 89 Western controversy, parties to, 258 Western tribes, alliance of 1793, 292 Whitneymen, sachem of Matinecocks, 74; negotiates peace, 117 Wiekajocks, location of, 85 cavern on Shawangunk Willehoosa, mountains, 96 Wiltmeet, Indian castle of, 95 ; destroyed by the Dutch, 137 Wiltwyck, the old …