Brinton, Willard C. Graphic Presentation. New York: Brinton Associates, 1939. Internet Archive: graphicpresentat00brinrich. Brinton's 526-page magnum opus. Page 162 reproduces his own 1921 postcard map lobbying for the Briarcliff-Peekskill Parkway crossing Croton Dam, with a caption crediting the map with helping secure the route's adoption.

GRAPHIC PRESENTATION WILLARD C. 8RINTON %^ From the collection of the o Prepiger ^ JUibrary a t P San Francisco, California /$ <e. $.''>i''*^ a C^-A ^ Unitid Sutci ^^^^^H America ] o t « •< » ■llllimrMg ^■■UM*-VM ■^^^^^l Gcnnanjr ^ J Dcomark Portug'al ^■^"'"■■iiiiil ^B Flandcn Han* Town* ^^ Venice Ic Genoa \ 1 ' ^^ Spain Co«...n..nopl. w * z K "1 Alexandria Rome Canhag^e …

TABLEAUX D'ARITHMETIQUE LINEAIRE DU COMMERCE, 1789 LINEAL ARITHMETIC, 1798 STATISTICAL BREVIARY, 1801 AN INQUIRY INTO THE PERMANENT CAUSES OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF POWERFUL AND WEALTHY NATIONS. 1st ed, 1805; 2nd ed., 1807 STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA By D. F. DONNANT. Translated From the French By WILLIAM PLAYFAIR. Chart and Preface Also By WILLIAM …

92- 97 10. 100% Bar Charts 98-105 11. Comparison of 100% Bar Charts 106-114 12. Multiple Bar Charts 115-120 13. Contrasting Bar Charts -- 121-131 14. Pictorial Unit Bar Charts 132-141 15. Comparison of Component Bar Charts 142-148 16. Bilateral Bar Charts 149-152 17. Area Bar Charts 1 53-1 60 18. General Use of Maps 1 61 -1 69 19. Guide and Route Maps 170-177 20. Relief and …

Graphs are pure quantity, stripped of verbal sham, reduced to dimension, vivid, unescapable. Graphs are all inclusive. No fact is too slight or too great to plot to a scale suited to the eye. Graphs may record the path of an ion or the orbit of the sun, the rise of a civilization, or the acceleration of a bullet, the climate of a century or the varying pressure of a heart …

We are learning its alphabet. That it will develop a lexicon and a literature marvelous for its vividness and the variety of application is inevitable. Graphs are dynamic, dramatic. They may epitomize an epoch, each dot a fact, each slope an event, each curve a history. Wherever there are data to record, inferences to draw, or facts to tell, graphs furnish the unrivalled means …

However, to copy any materials here credited to others, care must be exercised to secure permission from the original sources. Copyright, Brinton Associates, 1939 First Edition Also by Willard C. Brinton GRAPHIC METHODS FOR PRESENTING FACTS. 1914 Published by McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York City Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS When a chapter …

Relationship Charts 68 Interrelations. 8. Flow Charts 73 Source and Distribution Chart. Traffic Chart. Activity Chart. Cost-Accounting Chart. Cosmograph. 9. Sector Charts 81 Area and Angle Comparisons. Subdivided Sector Charts. Cumulative Charts. Charts Showing Assets and Liabilities. 10. 100% Bar Charts 92 Single Bars. Bar Chart Stamp. Percentage Distributions. Cumulative …

Maps Showing Sourcfe of Materials. Geographic Organization Charts. Comparisons of Geographic Areas. Pictorial Maps. 20. Relief and Aerial Maps 170 Oldest Known Map. Bird's-Eye View Maps. Diagram Maps. Statistical Relief Maps. Block Diagrams. Azimuthal Projection. 21. Crosshatched and Colored Maps 178 Comparison of Ben Day Shadings and Colors. Sampling Maps. Density Maps …

Chronology Charts 248 Time Analysis and Time Studies. Chart for Assigning Vacations. 32. Progress Charts 256 Time Studies. Material Control Board. Production Progress Chart. Gantt Charts. 33. Curve Charts 263 One Curve on a Grid. Visual Captions. Historical Labels. Stair Charts. Deviation from Normal. 34. Comparison With Two Curves 275 Cumulative Curves. Causal Relationships …

Photographs. Isometric Block Diagram. Isometric Protractor. Trilinear Chart. 43. Composite Charts 360 Methods of Combining Various Types of Charts. 44. Suggestions for Making a Chart 367 Helpful Techniques. Sources of Materials. Methods of Lettering. Ink Colors. Crayons. Colored Papers. 45. Standards for Time Series Charts 381 Abstracts from Time Series Charts. A Manual of …

Lithoprints. Multilith. 51. Methods of Printing 435 Relief, Planographic, and Intaglio Printing. Typesetting. Type Sizes and Styles. Photoengraving, Electrotyping, and Line Plates. Proofreaders' Marks. 52. Selection of Paper 443 Types of Paper. Considerations in the Selection of Paper. Bulkink Table. 53. Binding Techniques 449 Types of Binding. Binding Specifications …

This, in spite of the fact that I have published nothing regarding activities of my own relating to the 1914-1918 World War period. Probably the feverish demand for prompt and reliable data during war times did more to stimulate the use of graphic chart technique than anything that has happened since 1920. Without realizing what was happening as the war flared, I found myself …

Establishing, in a Broadway office building, control methods for quicker "tum-arounds" of eighty-five ships chartered by the Belgian Relief Commission had little relation to strategy in the president's office of a steel company with twenty thousand employees in Pittsburgh, or scheduling, at New Haven, Connecticut, two thousand tool makers scattered in shops throughout New …

Since the close of the World War, other activities have crowded into the background my interest in graphic charts and human reactions to them. It was impossible, however, to resist tearing from magazines and newspapers thousands of examples of particularly interesting or especially erratic graphic charts. These were added to examples which had come, in what Hollywood would …

I visited the Huntington Library on the last day before starting North and East. While observing some unusually fine types of early bookbinding and the repairs made to the bindings on some of the Library's most precious volumes, it occurred to me to ask the Librarian, Dr. Leslie Bliss, what books the library had by William Playfair, to whom this book is dedicated. In a few …

I was also much struck by the fact that the subject matter of the book referred to industry, commerce, and finance in the United States, that the preface by William Playfair mentioned conversations between himself and Thomas Jefferson, that the book was inscribed to Jefferson, and that twentyfive copies had been sent to him. When I wrote Graphic Methods in 1914. I had never …

With all that Playfair did to show the effectiveness of graphic chart methods from his first book, published in 1786 at the age of twenty-seven, till his death in 1823, why have not graphic charts become more thoroughly established as a universal language? Another interest was aroused as to the part which engineers have played in the development of the graphic language, since …

In recent years, some weeds seem to have sprung up to retard the growth of the more cultivated graphics which had been developing strongly with numerous offshoots since the World War stimulus. As in a garden where there is sometimes the policy of deciding in the early stages which are weeds and which are plants that will be productive, it has not been easy to find a method for …

When the same European methods have been pushed on a commerciaHzed basis in America, little attempt has been made to follow existing American standards or trends toward the development of an ultimate universal language. The tendency has been to use stock symbols over and over again because they are cheaper to reproduce than special drawings designed for each particular problem …

That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. The Fifth (ear) "Is mighty like a fan!" The Sixth (tail) "Is very like a rope!" The First (side) "Is very like a wall!" The Second (tusk) "Is very like a spear!" The Third (trunk) "Is very like a snake!" And so these men of Indostan Disputed loud and long, Each in his own opinion Exceeding stiff and strong Though each was partly …

Halftones which here appear too black have been photographed from previously printed halftones rather than from original photographs. If the subject matter of any illustration is of special interest to the user of this book, a reading glass may be used to enlarge the detail. Because a frame around the chart may be interpreted falsely as a zero line, or base line, the liberty …

In folding printed sheets for sewing into bookbinders' signatures, every other pair of pages evolve from one side of the printed sheet of paper. Thus, if color is printed on only one side, a reader finds color on every other pair of pages in the book. In this way it is possible for the reader of this book to judge the effect of color on the varied types of charts shown in the …

Brinton, did practically all the work in preparation of Chapter 46, "The Camera and Its Use"; Chapter 47, "Lantern Slides," and Chapter 49, "Color and Its Use." Miss Audrey W. Zeigler, of Newburgh. New York, made all the drawings used as the headings of chapters. Mr. R. R. Lutz, of the National Industrial Conference Board, made valuable suggestions in the early stages of …

Keller, member of the House of Representatives from Illinois, and Chairman of the House Committee on the Library of Congress, has been of great assistance in exploring the possibilities. Mr. Keller's unusual range of knowledge and experience in education, medicine, law, engineering, publishing, and mining, coupled with residence in Europe and Mexico, served in determining …

Three things in combination are necessary before visual methods of presentation can be adequately used. 1. Accurate factual data readily available. 2. Competent drafting talent to chart the data on a standardized basis. 3. Equipment and organization for reproducing the charted data at a cost not too high compared to the printed word. Until mankind developed reasonably cheap …

at least have been one of curiosity; but had records, written in this sort of shape [plotted curves] and speaking a language that all the world understands, existed at this day, of the commerce and revenue of ancient nations, what a real acquisition would it not have been to our stock of knowledge! In place of which, a few detached facts are collected and brought forward as …

If we could now examine the libraries as they existed at intervals of one hundred years, say one, two, three or four centuries back, what would we find? Probably very little factual Courtesy of American Chicle Company -- Makers of Dentyne Gum The First Agricultural Report GRAPHIC PRESENTATION information. Even books in our grandfathers' attics, if classified, would be short on …

Probably there was nothing whatever to prevent the development of illuminated graph charts long before the days of William Playfair except lack of reliable factual data from which to make the charts. People of those days must have found out, just as we find out so often now, that if we start to chart our facts, we are frequently stopped by the startling insufficiency of the …

Descartes in 1637 published his works on geometry which firmly established the method of rectangular coordinates when used for mathematical formulas. Those who are interested in the history of graphic presentation will find the sequences well brought out in a paper of one hundred and thirty- five pages by H. Gray Funkhouser, published in Osiris, Volume Three, Part One, 1937 …

See Volume M, Verso 40, Manuscripts of the Institute of France. He used horizontal distances to express time and vertical distances to show the space covered by falling balls when two were dropped together or one following the other. Leonardo, however, left no group to carry on his engineering works, which were little understood by his immediate contemporaries and successors …

An educator, or person with a message to give is referred to as : lecturer, speaker, orator, preacher, narrator, reciter, etc. These words generally imply the conveyance of a message through the ear without reference to the eye. Until the cinema was equipped with sound there was a move to use the word "optience" instead of "audience." Although the moving picture now combines …

These terms are not limited in their scope to the field of education. Anyone planning a conference, convention, committee, discussion, assembly, council, etc., might do well to consider the method for presenting the subject matter. How many of these meetings today are just talk? If each participant would consider himself as a Presentor of data or ideas that he is especially …

)930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 25.000 24.000 23.000 22.000 21.000 20.000 19.000 )6.000 17.000 16.000 15.000 14.000 13.000 / / / r y \, y \X j/- -- ^ \^ -^^^ ^^^^ ' -- " \ ^^'^^ \ DAYLIGHT How Charts Ought Not to Be Made The omission of the zero line in this chart gives a false impression of the relative values of the number of accidents during the hours of darkness …

Other cities will be added. Graphic charts present unusually comprehensive data in condensed form for analysis and interpretation. Major libraries should contain a division of graphic charts. Filing most of the material could be easily done by placing material in the usual letter vertical files. Provision should, of course, be made for cross references. Probably it would be …

Brown, Theodore H., Richmond F. Bingham, and V. A. Temnomeroff. Laboratory Handbook of Statistical Methods, Mc- Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1931 Chaddock, R. E., Principles and Methods of Statistics, Houghton Mifflin Co., New York City, 1935 Croxton, Frederick E., and Dudley J. Cowden, Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall, Inc., New York, 1939 Crum, William …

Oynonyms for graphic narrative are: ideographic drawings, pictograms, figurative symbols, pictographic charts, and hieroglyphs. Graphic narrative may involve the keeping of records, quality of materials, time, or quantities. Walker Engraving Corporation, New York. SCALE .7 A Stone Age Man's Painting of a Bison. 1. Long before a written language had evolved, man recorded his …

The picture may stand alone or may be accompanied by comments of explanation. BASIC ENGLISH Basic English is a system of 850 words and five simple rules for putting them together, which was the invention of Mr. C. K. Ogden of the Orthological Institute, Cambridge, England. It will do the work of 20,000 words of English for the normal purposes of trade, science, and everyday …

To the eye and ear it is not different from normal English, and it takes only a very short time to get the trick of writing and talking in it. Of 1,500 living languages, only seven are used by more than sixty million persons. Of these seven, English is by far the commonest. It is the natural, or government language of six hundred million, it has for a long time been the second …

owns 300,000 mechanical refrigerators eats 3,500,000 tons of food annually Textile World. October m38, Part of an Editorial on Public Relations Entitled "Textiles a Source of Purchasing Power." An Analysis of the Textile Community. Without representing the pictorial items quantitatively, this form of graphic picture gives a concise analysis of the textile community. It was …

It is still an effective method of presenting percentage analysis. GRAPHIC NARRATIVE Opponents mAHHATTAn'S REVERSE Run no3 <><ksscs s*t.L TO NO* art FAKt SPIN Nrw York Journnl and American. SCALE S A. Famous Football Plays: Manhattan College Reverse Run. An explanation of a football play, either before a game or after a game, is a well-known form of graphic narrative. Players …

O lO 20 30 40 so 40 30 ZO 10 G SECOND HALF « ID 20 30 40 so 40 30 20 lO G ^ ■V^-N ^^^ v•^^ Sk^sJs/V« ff^fcf <L ^-^ %. % ^fH'i ««l f<ZAP>< X^ (oity u • MA(?VARO O YALE CfOc^JH Victor O Jones, Sports Editor, Boston Globe. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Compare the charts in this chapter With those in "Pictorial Unit Bar Charts," pages 121-131. Redrawn from Fortune Magazine, February 1932 …

V** cl»*«t* *k« ^l«f tm4 pl*m fm want t«w ■••k • I«*a- . . . TK« l< . TK« l*fld»f. miwrvd. pr«.i4*t (K« < t FHA tpptmwti k «i<*ii il rMf .•!«•«• h Ymc Wwm mitt* fMmtm t% •M«iili«l ®- Tk« ^nifn mnl b« .'ck.lK)»f<ll, ••u«<l riadil, uUabU How to get an FHA-insiired mortgage -- f^raphically told in words, pictures and charts T1i« coMtrw«t*eM fiiMt b« 90«d. r««titi»9 w*«rh«r «nd t …

By the use of transparent pages and an ingenious pictorial scheme, a complete story is spread out before the individual as a complete whole. The book is planned so that it can be read from front to back or back to front with the story differing according to which way the book is read. After the subject is built up, it may be reversed from the other angle. Since the page is …

Graphic Presentation of the "Turnability" of an Automobile Traveling at Three Rates of Speed. Chapter 3 TABULATION ATTRACTIVENESS can be a characteristic of statistical tables. , Adherence to certain simple suggestions will improve their appearance. Designing is an integral part of every table and should be carefully planned. The actual form which any table takes depends upon …

Day, E. E., "Standardization of the Construction of Statistical Tables." Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 17, March 1920. This issue of the Journal is so limited that the American Statistical Association cannot sell it. However, it is available in most libraries. /.UJ P.m. /■ J.? P. M.. t.j.9-r>»t. J_^ f.jj-fi^ j /Ljw '"•t J" '/.'ii7^«<. y.j.rP.H UJ^U^ …

Walker, Helen and Walter Durost, Statistical Tables: Their Structure and Use (Bureau of Publications), Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, 1936 /■d;>uIii«oii WMhingt.m. D. C..' 486,860 Clicvy CliMc, Mil 8,000 Takoiim I'ark, Md 6,415 Silver Spring. M<1 5,000 UyalUville, M.l 4,264 Mt. Rainier, M«l 3,832 Ktlovatt-hourt < 1929 354,9.32,330 1930 400. 20S, 431 1931 …

This diagram shows that Maine, the state which had its election first, forecasted the result of the presidential election with approximate accuracy. The forecast has been "wrong" three times up through 1936. In 1940, however. Maine will hold its election at the same time as the other states. Adapted from The Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION MANUFACTURES …

Slalr. Co..tr. aKi LonI TaUl Pri.npal Malwtab Pwl aad ■mIW Pbmt Bruce D. Mudgett. "Statistical Tables & Graphs," Houghton Mifflin Co., 1030. SCALE .7 Two Methods of Boxing to Show Coordinate and Subordinate Relationships. 1. The use of single and double lines, as shown in the two upper tables, fails to maintain coordinate and subordinate distinctions. The width of line in the …

Value of awards for highway construction June 1938 May 1038 June 1037 tl2,230,009 $13,571,006 42J.t.71 3. 7.14, 975 2. 930, "t-H 074.012 920.816 l,(m. 135 1,303. 3V4 4. 147 2. 4.S3, 148 18,621,883 614,837 1.821.320 2,479.513 1,008.710 388. 732 191. 2J2 876, .143 161. 123 1. 079. 853 ' Preliminary, subject to revision. ' Data for building projects which were located in the …

Par Cant of Truck No Par Cant of T.w.ck 1Q7J 55.070 70.663 74.724 74.992 84.705 87,304 89.425 96.496 85.475 80.271 60.965 72.508 25.210 29.702 31.248 33.044 34.467 32.033 39.442 39,424 31,146 24,798 21,505 22.289 80.280 100,365 105,972 108,036 119.172 119.337 128.867 135.920 116.621 105.069 82.470 94.797 '69 ^1 70 30 71 29 69 31 71 29 73 27 \i.6 14.6 5.7 2.4 2.2 4.2 1926 …

It might have been better to use wide lines to maintain the various divisions rather than the double lines. See 36. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Af >Kcir Avcroqc Hourly Woqcs J AMfftlCAN BELGIAN I6« GERMAN 29< ENGLISH 34)4* JSI^M 18 Minulo Minutes M.nutal jljrf^^ t^y\h EoorliJ MilKIOH 5u40r.|lk -J IbtalAboM American Iron and Steel Institute, "Ste«l Facts," May 1P37. SCALE .7 A. A …

The only difference between this and straight tabulation is that the stub headings are presented pictorially as well as verbally. CONSUMER BUTING HABITS AT BEAVER DAN, WISCONSIN ,i Of r»u % rk. ;. rw /. WIm, |.^ Thul$Wlmt Tku 1, rw. i irkr,Tki,a, rmmw.0. lii -H-fab Colv." 0. ra*rtirvWt(b i i i i i i i AiTTD Scmiu i< • M 1 U 1 M 9 a s U 4 so s 71 S IS 4 SO T u s TS 0 GaocwH « • …

DsT Goon M • TO 0 90 0 10 0 17 1 M a U 0 77 1 a s U 0 IS 0 SO 0 Jkwblbt « • •7 1 II 1 U) 0 71 0 U 0 r s 100 0 II 4 100 S ZiMtmic^L GooM II > M 1 •9 • •7 S SS 9 so 7 10 4 100 0 M 0 U S TS 0 ZlMC RBf«MnUT\<« fl i 100 0 7t 0 100 0 •> 0 too 0 Ramo • 1 90 0 70 0 SO 0 SS s so 7 SO 0 SS 9 so 7 40 0 U 0 TS S Mbm-* Cumnto M 9 T< 0 M 0 SO 0 7S 4 10 I IS 0 100 0 4< 0 so 1 W S Caiu>'* …

10 7 •> 4 n 1 •1 I IT 7 II 1 41 4 U 1 04 4 100 0 4 4 M 0 II 4 TO S T« 4 W 1 M S BfMMT 10 t M I 41 1 • I a 4 so 0 40 0 41 1 71 4 14 1 14 I li 4 SO 0 SO u Nurcbnai II 7 15 1 1 1 t 7 I i 100 0 47 1 IS I IS 7 H S SS 0 14 i Sum AMD Pud 7 • M I IS 9 7( 0 u s 44 4 IS 7 100 0 S 1 ISO 0 Poutrma II 1 >l 7 W S u s W 0 W 0 n I so 0 44 S SS s American Business, May 1Q38. SCALE .6 C. An …

U 1 Siil I76< II7« }7« 14% 13X iK Kjv« to t)u<ff»t •»« Kv n*c »tt>t«\ Kjw« mof* Itfl tor 32 7* ^^^ m ■1 1*1 ^ UNirco rRANCE INCIANO IIAIY ROLAND f,r MWor IV».rf. ?7 :j 1 7(14 ■ V ■ ^ ■ ^^ Miairro/'/Wpl. UNIItD SIAItS OtNMARK UNHID KINGDOM RUSSIA BULGARIA f ■ V ■ ^ ■ 3L UNIKD STATtS DENMARK UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE RUSSIA WATtB CONSUMPTION ,:.. , . ,.,■ ,,r-r,n ,.. H.,, 43 38 …

Latent Total heat of heat of evap. steam Internal Energy B. t. u. Evap. Steam Entropy Water Evap. Steam Temp. Fahr. t -- V or s i/» h or q Lorr H 1 or p E n or « 1/ T or r/ T N or "^ t 280° 49.18 3.347 8.64 0.1157 249.0 924.3 1173.3 845.9 1094.8 0.4098 1.24% 1.6594 280' ?.«1 49.97 3.401 8.51 0.1174 250.1 923.5 1173.6 845.1 1095.0 0.4112 1.2470 1.6582 50.77 3.455 8.38 0.1192 …

58.44 3.977 7.35 0.1360 260.3 916.2 1176.5 837.0 1097.2 0.4249 1.2205 1.6454 59.34 4.038 7.24 0.1380 261.3 915.4 1176.8 836.2 1097.4 0.4262 1.2179 1.6441 60.26 4.100 7.14 0.1400 262.4 914.7 1177.1 835.4 1097.6 0.4276 1.2153 1.6429 61.19 4.163 7.(H 0.1421 263.4 914.0 1177.4 834.6 1097.8 0.4290 1.2127 1.6417 oncl S Marks and H Suptrhcatcd Steam arvcy ." Lon N. Davis, "Tables and …

A sorting machine is used to group the cards according to the information punched in them. The cards are guided automatically into receiving pockets according to the position of the punched holes in the vertical columns. The automatic sorting is made on one column at a time. It is apparent, therefore, that to arrange a group of cards in numerical sequence according to the data …

Tabulating cards arc made of paper stock carefully processed to permit of extremely rapid actuation of all three machines -- the punch, the sorter, and the tabulator. The card size is 7W x 3'/i". 2. Cards may be punched for each item or classification on a customer's invoice showing, for example, customer number, salesman, district or territory, trade class, complete item …

MILES ri5 ^ 35 ' 45 ^ si ^ 65 PER HOUR. JMILES PfR HOUR MllfS PER HOUR MILES PER HOUR MILES P£R HOUR MILES PER HOUR D.u.'s (/DM.) , (2D.aj (3DMJ (5auj , (vau.) Vi QT. .13^ .25< l%QTs 3QTs AViQVs 43^ i .75C i $1.13 50 GAIS. 55 GALS. 60 GALS. 69 GALS. 80 GALS. GASOLINE $8.75 $9.63 i $10.50 $I2.08 ♦14.00 $1.50 ' $3.00 H.50 i $7.50 $10.50 TIRES MAI NTf NANCE TOTAL COST COST PER …

It does not include the economic cost of accidents, which rises in proportion to the speed at which the car is traveling. Chapter 4 CLASSinCATION CHARTS IN a Classification chart the facts, data, etc., are arranged so that the place of each in relation to all others is readily seen. Quantities need not be given, although a quantitative analysis adds to the value of a …

I Man 0 War A .. , .1 J IManubab It a L / * Rock Sane U"^'""'^ I Teas Over / Broomsl I Audicnci { Wiskbroom 2d Balance ick belais Balancoire • Imported. War Admiral bred by SO Riddle Scabiscuit bred by Wheailey Stable, (Mrs H.C. Phipps). The Pedigrees of the Race Horses War Admiral and Seabiscuit. 1. This chart shows the use of brackets in classification of data. The original …

This chart is especially interesting because it shows graphically that to study one section of the myriad of groups in the government of the United States, that area must be "magnified." CLASSIFICATION CHARTS Mr -♦- -O -^ 'E 0) c > < c a> > Jli > •^ _ i! <« III *^ *r 9- IS Z o « c c '^ § E -- « -- • c o '•^ o GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ---- IllMENIAIr OnTftlCT JUNIO« HIGH SCMOd …

tl.lM.tU.OM Wo. 0.<i..i Worid War Rorwd $7*(.t27.l>00 «»-. u LJH^^ Rwilion Ravotwi'on Irtcomo Toi Modt I090I ■■ 0 S EolOrtWo. J.I.. Anmlko-Wo. Endi Aimilho - Wo. Endl I8lh Amtndmont v-- w Rtconilruction loom f '^ 10 Eu>op« I j , {w«Op«OA RvCOAIIVVCtiOII -U S FM4<Wa<W $I,779,IJ14M Ewopo tur> U i 'oodi ' US Real Wo. (^^^^^1 iMOAttruction ..Ui Boom l1.M2.Ut.0OO W. «..y U S foil …

f j Impom 1 1 Manufocluixl Food Food Industries. October, 1938, Part of an Editorial on Public Relations Entitled, "World Trade Makes Food Prices." SCALE .6 Analysis of Food Expor+s and Impor+s of the United States from 1910 to 1936. 1. The years presented in this chart are divided into 5 world time-periods and 7 United States time-periods with notations of historical events …

J Safety valves I Air brakes I Car tanks { Tests Railroad repairs. CK. \\. K. interchange rules I A. IV A. lank car specifications • ( )wniTs deft'cUs I Carriers liability I Railroad repair bills Stock supplies at U^rniinaLs. bulk plants, and warehoasos Allocation of orders for shipment of sUxk from and to refineries Buy-out points, terminals, bulk stations, warchoasus, etc …

'rriins|M)rl .ser\ ill -- rail, water, truck, etc. Riiutiiig - DLstribiiliiin iiml allotment of trallic as lM>twe<-ii carriers Pas.srnger trans|Kirta(i(iii \ ia rail, air, and water Metropolitan Life Iniurance Company, "Functiont of the Traffic Manaier," 193 7. SCALE .6 Traffic Department of a Large Company. The brackets in this classification were retouched. Since the …

40 NEW MEXICO 41 VIRGINIA 42 KEKfTUCKY A5 ARKAN6A& 44 GEORGIA 45 MI&^'-^^PP' 46 Nl CARCXINA ^ 6. CAROL\NA 48 ALABAMA Brinton, "Graphic Methodi," McGraw-Hill, 1914. Rank of Each of the United States in Ten Educational Features in 1910. i\ \yArAM\y/x////.\ I |.v;%^/// \y//////.\ \^/M/-/A' ■- W///M\ Wiv/ ^:\:mf^'\^;>m^\ I I V4y////A \m;m/A/. -// YMf^/^W/Z/M \/Y./m\ I \W>.yM\ …

ZINC HATE SHEET STEEL JTERNEPLAIll TIN PLATE <SHaT OOPPOtl SHEET BAASSlcOOOVEAfUTE 1 1 SPIEOELITl I 15 |57|l45|l5 57|l45il5 !57|u5]l5 IS7 I5|57|I45J15|57|m5 .5|57 wm m H Ir-^ H-L /'JBl rr 1-- ! B - r ^ . WT I ^i B ' ^^1 HH 1 1 ^H !J>i B! ' rr k-UU-i -: ■ ' il mum !■ . zoni . . Ebi ■■■■ H . ^t^Sm^ ■■■BW ^^ -^T'S ■■ 1 ' ■■■■"■ ^ 1 _ Fj NOT AFFECTED ^p SOMEWHAT AftKIEO ^| BAOLT …

SCALE .9 B. Raw Material Resources of the Leading Countries of the World in 1936. 1. The value of this type of chart is that a quantitative analysis which is not actually shown on the chart can be compared with other analyses. That such an analysis was made is shown in the titles of the four classifications at the bottom. 2. Compare this chart with 51. CLASSIFICATION CHARTS …

TIm AiMM Cnmfi Acraram« l« tW NumWot oI OuUr I V*Imk* I ClKlroM PWntUry iIilIimi I II III V Vi Vi^ ym::it"T^tt4->7 Z2 997HU4.}^IK. 2&97|H ZtUX IB :il U2 «§[ J106 , ■ 3J.45? 39S-i4H 'I^J _:_ - Cui 37 IT |77 iT^ I Wo QM. D i'lluiT?h(|rPd| JLpQ»IM.UZ-<' ift ll4.76llll&.oT^ 12I76|| 1276l|l26S2 , . 11U_M t^,:; i'^ ' Kb I 223^ ■l226-> ■22a' ■l2W ■ 2JI ■tzj&e? ■ 2 8 i<j!a 'i>K 71 …

S. Bureau of Standards; Published by W. M. Welch Manufacturing Company, Chicago. B. A Reproduction of One Unit of the Chart of the Atonns, and the Key Used fo Interpret All of the Graphic Illustrations on 52A. The right side is a reproduction, in one color only, of the unit which represents the element Potassium. The left side appears as a key at the lower right of each chart …

31« ^oWtwnnfl Vttttr*, p\ate<i in or anMnd W»t i»dr(\4ua\') vtdv^rti S'^mbd), or* i\oi\4or4. ^or ttrtQ\r\ \roi\» R. a^toVvolit; B, blm4i ttdtaS. E. epi>«^ic, F, VtiWemmitdj I, \T»ant, Mj[m'\qr(i\ritou^;N,'norwa\ nv rtStrnvc* \t XmM Mtv4tr tQt\v4«ro.\xOT»j Nt, T»wrdl\t; P. pQr<i\x\>C; ^T, ^txuaAA)^ \mmort^, S.VtThMiC/ X tubtrtu\ouV H wanitrtr. ■ 9* 5«cct%iSu\ \to4«ri \n …

-. i Jo' rf Cf4'd do* n'b'da d'ei'd B'dV J^'Jd'a o" ■ dddddddd'ddn'dn'd'DdB'^d'ddoy'ed'Hd d ^. / ^/ *^m tmtJmm C* Um^'l, nw%_^ W. Eugenics Record Office, Cold Spring Harbor. Long Island, N. Y. SCALE .7 A. A Geneology Chart Showing the Actual Pedigree of Pre-Senile Lamellar Cataract. 1. Following the practice of tracing only one trait on one pedigree chart, this chart traces …

IV. ««howinn the four daug-hters of one son, III-J, tliree ilaiiRhters havinn inherited the white forelock and one lias not. V. sliowinf; the children of these four daugliters who married men without a white forelock : some of the cliildren of each of the three mothers possessing the white forelock have inlierited it but none of the children of the other tuotlier not …

C. Pedigree Chart Showing Five Generations of Short Digits. 1. Deformed individuals are represented by solid symbols. 2. The use of a circular heredity chart is helpful when the number of persons in the fourth or fifth generation would necessitate too long a chart. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Codex Book Co., Inc., Norwood, Mats. A. A Genealogical Charf Sheef. 1. This sheet is 8'/2" x …

banking) conditions constant More unemployment r Fall in the (money) cost of living Rise in pnce of fixed interest securities More poor relief Higher insurance contributions Higher rates and taxes Additional public loans p. Sargrnt Florrnce, "Thr Statistical Method in Economics and Political Science," 1929, Krgan Paul fli Co., London. B. Genealogical Presentation of the Theory …

Although the term "family tree" does not necessarily mean a '■tree." the "tree" form of heredity or family chart is a well-known one. The "tree" here presented is in reality a chronological statement of events, all of which have contributed to the existence of the "thermionic tubes." Chapter 6 ORGANIZATION CHARTS I'krsonnki. DiRECTOn SuptTvisor of Technical Kmploymcnt and …

jii o o >- 3 O S t . o u. o c c j< 2 s -s ^ C HI c o c y jj c ^ o ^ I o ; > -- o O jC 2 H z ir ^ ORGANIZATION CHARTS A. Diagram of the Organization of the CCC made by President Roosevelt in 1933. The most complex and widespread organizations may begin from just such crude drawings as this one. <^//i:, "/ [a^ \u^ ?/j, p^ ^' ^"^ ^ « Newtr>aper of the Civilian Coniervation Corpt …

The organization chart starting with the top and then branching downward to small division at the bottom is perhaps the best known form of organization chart. How the branching will be done depends a great deal upon the organization. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION I. Ho O«0£raphlcal SobdlTlBlons ovrici ill rincera II. Centnllied Geographical SubdiTlBlone Short Arms Long Fingers The …

srtvict cow MUHICIHL )ttvic| COM Kfsiufiimmo a COMMMitS (31 e 0) SCALE .6 A. An Organization Chart Showing How Holdings of the Eastern Insull Utilities Were Pledged. In order to differentiate, cross hatchings and shadings may be used effectively in an organization chart. A variety of shapes as well as shadings distinguishes the divisions. I V- 1 1 -- \m{ r '."7 c_,..,. T JU, r …

It is an organization chart superimposed upon a "family tree." Compare this form with 58. ORGANIZATION CHARTS ( ELECTORS ) /^PUBLIC SAFETY^ DIRECTOR POLICE- FIRE -BUILDINGS WELFARE & W0RKMCXJ5E MARKETS, WEIGHTS & V MEASURES J ^ LAW ^ DIRECTOR LESI5LATI0N-ASSES3MENTS LEGAL COUNSEL-REAL ESTATE MUNICIPAL COURT ; f PUBLIC WORKS A DIRECTOR HIGHWAYS • SEWERS RE CORDS MUNICIPAL …

CIT Y CONTROLLER CITY TREASURER ASSESSOR PURCHASES 4 SUPPLIES PUBLIC BVILPINQ^ EMPLOYMENT BUREAU , PROTECTION TO PERSONS k PROPERTY POLICE OEPT BUILDING DEIPT FIRE DEPT EMERGENCY HOSPITAL BOARD OF REVIEW MISCELLANEOUS PRINTING DEPT CIVIC AUDITORIUM CROWN CITY RANCH SANITATION k CLCANLINESS ENGR, DEPT REFUSE DiSPQSAU ENGR.DEPT LOT CLEANING 5EWAGC THEATMDfT PLANT STREETS « …

It differs from a classification chart in that relationships may be shown without any classification of the material used. GEOGRAOhfy i^iuoootooy; .V^vif O (? CCONOM>CS From "An Outline of the Principle! of Geology" by R. M. Field, Copyright 1938. Used by Permitiion of the Publithert, Barne* & Noble, Inc. SCALE .6 A. The Relations of Geology To and Its Interrelations With …

Although similar to the preceding chart, this diagram differs in that relationships around the circle are indicated as well as from the center outward. RELATIONSHIP CHARTS SPECIAL W*R WORK ON-- MILITARY MAPPING Making progr«itiv« miliUry indei map of United States SURVEY OF SITES. Balloon fields Ordnance proving grounds Artillery sites Areas near cantonments Aviation fields …

Geological Survey." 1918. SCALE .8 Relationship Chart Showing the Contributions to War Service by the Topographic Branch of the U. S. Geological Survey. 1. In this chart, the fact that one government department cooperates extensively with others is brought out with force. 2. It would not be wise to use this form to show too many interrelationships, however, as all detail would …

Urwick, "Papers on the Science of AdminUtration," Iiwtitute of Public Adminiitration, N. Y. C, 1937. SCALE .6 The Interrelationships of the Purpose and Process Subdivisions in Organization. Four sample city departments are presented vertically, each divided into its functions and workers. A considerable number of workers are common to all or to several departments. These are …

IS. rormic acid Formic add 20. fumorlc acid rumaric acid 21. Gluconic ocid Gluconic ocid 2t 22. Clyceroldohyde' Glyccroldehyde ?3 Glyceric acid Olycoric ocid 24. Clyce-rol Glycerol 2S Clycolaldtr^hyde Gly c ololdo hydo 2C Glycolllc Odd Olycollic add 2C 27 Olycuror>,c ockI Glycuronic acid 2& ClyOMylic acid OlyOJrylic acid 2a 29 Hydro^m Hydrogen yO f3 hydroiry butyric oCd …

■- V « 5 u *^ ** C £ - « C O u a <c a „ 0) jy '5 ■« Chapter 8 FLOW CHARTS low charts present a graphic explanation of the movement of materials, printed forms, etc., through an organization or structure. "Cosmograph" is the trade name for a type of flow chart presenting numerical information or percentages by means of black and white strips of paper, showing source contrasted …

Uiion DvptnmctiL Weekly Average Net Paid Circulation 1,910.282 Drawn Under the Direction of Willard C. Brinton in Consultation with a Firm of Certified Public Accountants. SCALE .5 B. Method of Displaying Proof of the Circulation for a Weekly Magazine. This chart resulted from a survey made by a firm of certified public accountants. Since the formation of the Audit Bureau of …

PQiMtVAL AQ^At ntttAfXU AOtAS NATONAL POntJT} NATIONAL PAJIICV WilLDLlCt MANGMTAQtAt HiiTonictAncw. htk^ iCCNC AOCA^ M^-NVAV^ AND PARKW/tt^ iTATt AGtNCitS TO ACQUint DtVtLOPAND MAINTAJN CAClLlTltS TO ADCQUATt- LY MttT RtQuiRtMtNTi Of iTi PtOPLQ COO iN\Plf> ATOKNATunt tDUCATON AND ACTIVt OtCntATION NOTOTHtTNI/Ht PnOvlDCD ITATt fOQESTS JTATt PAnnS r»EStr3VATlC5N\ <WLD LIFt …

Ufi* CQsi of m4tititiit'^ /^e slor^ in s cond't/ot of rutjintii Kr jjas Cf^e nni» ittmt of ttpttta it ilot cUuificition art Rani. fu*l. Inter f%i on ii>u»»/m»mi Dtfirecntion on frxrurn a»a e^uipmmnl. rvpaira, a portion ofuj*9f dfoiud io --sinttnnnce LfA* cos^ of iiouM^ m*itAan^)n tkru /Ac processti of tkt biainrss CSt^wd tr)d itlliJici) <yf» IO*'* itmms ofttp%u» mUiii cUm trt …

Zfhesc pools gre chardecf fo inn>4 On the l>isis of frt^^ncif of mslu U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, March, 1934. SCALE .9 The Commodity Cost Accounting Method Employed in a Survey Made by the Domestic Commerce Division of the U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 1. Flow charts to indicate accounting methods are well known. 2 …

It pr«d»c»» tk* >tr»ct»r«i that pravidc our tkclter. traiiip*rtatieii, cemnmBicotioii, drf«BM, p«w(r. li^t. k*«t. water, watt* di>p«>«l. rocrratioa, coairrvatiea and dcvclopmeirt of ewr aatioiial re>ourc*<. Bngineerinc Newi Record, October, 1938, Part of an Editorial on "The Conatniction Indiutry, What It i»-- What It Doe*.- SCALE .7 The Wide Range of Construction in the …

The Completed Cosmograph. 1. Border guides are placed in position to block out excess ends of the paper strips and the Cosmograph is ready for photostatting. 2. The negative photostatic print appears at the right. Note that all black portions of the device fail to reproduce. Of the one thousand strips of paper, twenty are red and are set at each 5% mark. In the negative …

The center of the chart shows the amounts retained by each country, indicated by the broken portions of the branches. The right side of the chart shows the amounts paid in turn by the several countries to the United States. The extreme right shows the total amount received by the United States. 2. The effect of the broken branches is obtained by sliding the paper strips …

Chapter 9 SECTOR CHARTS A SECTOR chart presents data in the form of a circle. The circle is divided along its radii so that the angle of each section is proportional to the factual data it represents. Other terms used for sector chart are: pie chart, divided circle. In practically every instance in which material is presented in a sector chart, the same information might also …

Since this preceded the illustration above in point of time, it may have been the first sector chart. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION A. Employment and Unemploymenf Experience of 129 Displaced Hand Cigar Makers in Manchester, N. Y., as Recorded Five Years After the Lay-off. 1. Divisions within divisions are possible in the sector chart. Here two categories, employed and unemployed, are …

The relative merits of the sector chart and the 100% bar chart in presenting the same facts arc disputed. SECTOR CHARTS TO EMfLOYCCS IN SALARIES (mt inclu^in^ ttltrm •( cMsptny •ffici % 11.034,050,000 (1«.5%) TO OWNERS AS DIVIDENDS i U,904.C02,000 (19 2'/.) TO MANAGEMENT talirits of company offictri $ «,209. STC.OOO (8V.) Factory Managrmrnt and Maintenance, October, 1Q38, Part …

AVAILABLE Far EmploYtti, Manaqamcnt, Ownara i7e.M2,)*4.«e« (tl.2%) Factory Management and Maintenance, October, 1938, Part of an Editorial on Public Relations Entitled, "How a Company Can Make Simple Reports to Its Employees." SCALE .6 B. Disposition of Total Income of Manufacturing Industries for the Period 1929- 1935. Total $330,709,960,000. 1. When it is impossible to place …

It should be noted that the 192 7 circle follows the general rule and establishes the arrangement of shadings which is adhered to in the other circles. SECTOR CHARTS MIDNIGHT A. Comparison of Crimes Against Persons By Time Periods in Cincinnati in 1937. This is a comparison of areas rather than angles as can easily be seen by comparing the section labelled 18.3% with 9.9%. a …

The average number of hours worked in each of the two years, 1888 and 1938, is actually plotted on a clock so that not only the number of hours but the time of day involved can be seen. For instance, in 1888, an hour was allotted for lunch. In two categories in 1938 only half an hour is allotted for lunch. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION scanrr rtvo -- St M«rr) OrVAJC >WTtfm» CnrvrnM …

is the use of a black background which emphasizes both the grey and blue sections. 2. By alternating light and dark, it is possible to make two colors do the work of four. Jnrrrtm^ifomi rtotocutrwi v^Tmow 'iimtac U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor StatUtict, "Labor Information Bulletin," October, 1936. SCALE .4 C. Total Cost of Direct Labor and Materials on PWA …

During the period 1923-1934 (latest figures available) the average profit in the manufacturing industries was equal to 4.2$ for each sales dollar, or 4.3( for each invested dollar Factory Management and. Maintenance. October, 1938, Part of an Editorial on Public Relationt Entitled, "A Program for Public-Relation*." Percentage of Profit from a Sales Dollar and an Invested …

Although labels usually are kept on a horizontal plane, the small size of the sections may make it impossible to follow this method even by the use of arrows. 2. These data might be more clearly shown by a 100% bar chart. I9I0-I9I4 1924-1929 AV. PRODUCTION 2,614,000,000 BUS. AV. PRODUCTION 2,610,000,000 BUS. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economic* …

Average Annual Net Expenditure of the Federal Governnnent During the Period 1910 to 1919, and for the Same Period Exclusive of War Cost. 1. If you think of this type of chart as two sector charts, one larger than the other with the smaller on top, it is much easier to understand. 2. It would have been impossible to put the titles of the segments on a horizontal plane in this …

This differs from the sector chart below in that the dividing line between the assets and liabilities is a vertical one rather than a horizontal one. LIAMLITICS Elgin National Watch Co.. Elgin, Illinois, "Let's Look at the Record of 1937." South Manchuria Railway Co., "Contemporary Manchuria," a Bimonthly Magazine, Japan, September, 1938. B. Distribution of Assets and …

Committee on Public Relations of the Eastern Railroad. N. Y. C, "A Yearbook of Railroad Information." 1937. A Comparison of the Distribution of the Average Dollar of Operating Revenues Received by Class I Railways in 1916 and 1936. This might be called a cumulative sector chart. Note that in each circle the total of all that has been presented above it is represented by a …

A percentage scale outside the bar is more easily read. 5. To aid in using the chart for reference purposes, the actual value of the bar and its component parts should be given. 6. To eliminate any need for turning the bar, the labels should read from left to right horizontally wherever possible. 7. The bar should be wide enough to allow for differentiation, and yet not so …

A rubber stamp in the form of a 100% bar chart with the percentages marked may be secured from stores handling graphic chart material or from makers of rubber stamps. 2. When a bar chart is wanted in a report, all that is necessary is to allow two inches height and six inches length in the manuscript. The chart may then be placed in this space. 3. These rubber stamps may be …

The value of this chart would have been increased if the tonnage for each of the four divisions had been given. 3. The choice of shadings was unfortunate, since at the point where the two sections, "waterways" and "highways," meet, the bar seems to sag. 4. The Federal Chart Book is an experimental publication and does not stand as a document for general use. As a result, the …

Note that the percentage for each of the seven divisions is given within each section. 3. The use of connecting lines to identify small sections of a 100% bar chart with its title is here demonstrated. OCPAXTHCNT 40% 00% aoX noX -FOOO STO«£S Z0% 40% GEN MERCHANDISE STORES ' AUTOMOTIVE GROUP •OX ■ All otmcr stores "The Federal Chart Book," Prepared by the Central Statistical …

The use of objects which can be divided into percentages is a common practice. In this chart, a gallon can is very appropriate to illustrate the distribution of the cost of gasoline. B. Cost of a Ton of Finished Sheet Steel at a Lake Port in the United States in 1931. 1. The amounts to the left of the bar are cumulative: each one is a total of all those below it on the right …

Scrap Lots 1.50 Rolling Bloom 1.50 Fluxes Alloys 1.00 Opcn-Hcarth Operation 5.00 Blast Furnace Operation I.JO IJmestonc •45 Coal -Coke Iron Ore 8.00 Fortune Magazine, September, 1931. SCALE .8 100% BAR CHARTS < o o »- z o t- a: a. o < • Zi o Z3 ac >- (/> o Ul o o z < to o a a o o o _i u. o »- o (- z s o w Ul > o a. -» o a: a. z bJ o z go o in < w l- (T a. a o z < u o < z u o …

K) f^ o s o ♦ (0 0> lO 0> ■n <0 o q * •n ^0 .£ .§ 8 •£ C <J O m « .2 *-> > o "*■ - _0 V 2 o >- a> o ■ if Q. o £ M •o »- CQ .Jic K ° go a Z « a u C2 J= c cc tJ u U O -- a V E •£ o % Z c o t > O .2 ^ < ^5 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Wage ossistonce - 29 9 %-■ Emergency relief -65 3%- Cotegoficol relief - 4 8 %■ Oih«r Works Program vogM W.PA WOflM Civil Works WOQM CCC wogts ond …

were horizontal. 2. It also lends itself readily to grouping by sets of brackets to show such items as total fixed charges, total operating expenses, etc. 100% BAR CHARTS lUM ntANSmssiON "CCtlvlHO SUSSrtTlON Prderal Power Commiition, "National Power Survey," 1936. SCALE .7 Elements of Costs in the Supply of Electricity to Residential Customers In the United States in 1935. 1 …

Since it is difficult to determine the approximate height or length of any one of the sections of a bar, it might be better to put the percentage scale at both left and right, or top and bottom. 2. The shadings should follow the general rule that when no one thing is to be emphasized, the darker shadings should be next 100% 100% All Ort.«r tUso ureas , rOttMr Loons and …

TOTAL 949,338 993,597 951,015 WPA. National Research Project, "Summary of Findings to Date." March, 1938. Percentage Distribution of Wage Earners Employed in the Mineral Industries In the United States in 1909. 1919, 1929, and 1935. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION 49 MILLION ANNUAL TOTAL INCOMES PCRSONS IN DOLLARS 93 BILUON DOLLARS TOTAL INCOME >IOOO AND UNDER •I000TO2000 '2000TO5000 …

Bar charts may be adapted to fit almost any application. 2. The height of each bar is easily compared. 3. There should be some order for arrangement: a. Time-series b. Magnitudes c. Geographical d. Alphabetical 4. The actual amount which each bar represents should be given. ITEMS ORDERS ORDERED ONCE IN A SIX MONTHS PERIOD ORDERED MORE THAN ONCE BUT LESS THAN 10 TIMES ORDERED …

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r ::;:.::::.::-:.xx.:v::::::::v:vX^^^^ ii/mrTT» » I ■r^ I ■' > 3. :S±2iS2±S5^ ---^-'-■^^ I fEMAUE WORKERS Totol Wh.lt COllOf SkillM Scm.tlitlltd WPA, Division of Social Research, "Urban Workers on Relief," 1936. SCALE .6 A. Proportion of Employed Workers on Relief in Jobs of Their Usual Socio-Economic Class in the United States in May, 1934. The inclusion of the …

. 0 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 Automobile Manufacturer! Association, "Automobile Facts and Figures," 1938. B. Percentage Distribution of the Wholesale Price of Cars in the United States fronn 1925 to 1937. 1. Connecting lines facilitate the reading of this chart. 2. When percentages for each section of each bar are not given, it is better …

t " ' ] No emptoymen* Of public oid t¥:»3 Relief ond o«her ♦ {■'■■'■■yj ReseHlemeni client K*i?x^ Nonognculturol employment only Aqriculturol employment only Works Progrom end ott>«r ** lOOr eo S 50 nlOO MONTANA SOUTH WISCON DAKOTA SIN WEST NORTH GEORGIA VIRGINIA CAROLINA * Including tfiose wt>o hod relief only ond relief ** Including those with Works Progrom employment …

June KANSAS October June MONTANA October June NEBRASKA October NORTH DAKOTA OKLAHOMA SOUTH DAKOTA October June October October WPA. Division of Social RcMarch. Relief and Rehabilitation in the Drought Area, 1937. SCALE Q Types of Relief Granted by the Federal Emergency Relief Adnninistration in Eight Drought States in June and October, 1935. Here again is the application of …

2. The addition of the actual amounts which each bar represents would facilitate the reading of the chart and aid in its use for reference purposes. V ■vr.M - '/noooooto ■t?ff. n Prrcfnt Iron *w Sfff ' 'Xf6. 900. 000 as ftrrctnf ><>.-« ^ry- t^Ji 700 000 7 flrrcenf '-^3fxyftfw r^ifyryw' - 'Og 10(1000 l95Plrrcmt /»nw«m«w - 'fSd, 000.000 U. S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor …

The material here is arranged arcording to the magnitude of the bars. 2. Its presentation horizontally eliminates the possibility of the eye seeing a curve which would be undesirable. 3. Since stubs only are used in the vertical rulings, it might have been better to include actual figures to facilitate reading the chart. $ PER UNIT ♦ 702 «SS7 ■■■ - ^426 - " ^ " DEC. I9S7 …

Portiol high school only Completed high school only College Percent total of alt bars • 100% WPA, Division of Social Research, "Farmers on Relief and Rehabilitation," 193 7. A. Grade AHalnment of Heads of Open Country Households on Relief In the United States. October, 1935. As is indicated, the total of all the bars in this chart equals 100%. Compare this chart with 106A and …

.2 •> u «g O a > « ^ £ « 13 2 c b *3 <J C 3 c C S a a> GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Georgio New Mexico South Ookoto Maine Utah Montane Woshington Maryland Arizona Idaho Connecticut New HarDpshire Vermont Oregon Rhode Island Wyonning Delowore Nevodo WPA, Diviiion of Social Research. 'Rural Youth on Relief," 1937. Estimated Number of Rural Youth on Relief in the United States in …

PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING. NEWSPAPER. ETC. PAPER CONFECTIONERY - - LIQUORS, MALT - CHEMICALS CANNED AND DRIED FRUITS . VEGETABLES, ETC. TIN CANS AND OTHER TINWARE-- MOTOR vtHrCLES COKE-OVEN PRODUCTS CAS. MANUFACTURED - PAINTS AND VARNISHES - DRUGS AND MEDICINES -- PETROLEUM REFINING ~ MEAT PACKING, WHOLESALE FOOD PREPARATIONS BLAST-FURNACE PRODUCTS " FEEDS. PREPARED SUGAR …

Milwoukee Wis St Louis, Mo Son Froncisco, Coht Boston, Moss Minneopoiis, Mmn Nework, N J Cincinnoli, Ohio Atlonlo, Go Pittsburgh, Po Chicago, III Philodelphio, Po Omoho, Nebr Norfolk, Vo Richmond, Vo Bridgeport, Conn Cieveiond, Ohio Albuquerque, N Me« Boltimore, Md Binghomton, N Y Rochester, N Y Detroit, Mich Foil River, Moss Memphis, Tenn Tucson, Ariz Dollos, Tex Providence …

Relative Rents for a 4-Person Manual Worker's Family in Each of 59 Cities in the United States, March, 1935. 1. The 100% line here gives a good measuring rod for comparisons. 2. The chart would be read as follows: the four cities, Detroit, Michigan, Fall River, Massachusetts, Memphis, Tennessee, and Tucson, Arizona, may be described as average cities so far as rent for a …

4 To picture "penod' doto as ogomst "point" doNi. 5 For s>iowir^ o rar>ge of volues or deviations from a normal or bogey. C THE COIUMN CHART IS NOT THE BEST FORM: 1. For comporing several times senes 2. For lime series over an eilended period with many plottings 1. LAYOUT AND DESIGN A chon consisting of o few columns should generoify be higher than wide, for more than a few …

These amounts ore proportionote to the height of the columns This means Ihot the zero line, when it is ifie prir>cipot hne of reference, should olwoys be iTKluded in a column chort. It follows, too, that the omouni scoles should no* be broken, but mode continuous from the reference Ime. While normoffy the full length of the column should be shown, when it represents on …

COLUMN DESIGNATIONS It is generally more difTKult to lobcl segmented or grouped columns than curves because tfie columns themselves take up so much more of the spoce Segment labels should be placed ocross several columns il procticobte However, the space about labels should be reduced as much as possible and too much controst with the tone of the column ovoided so os not to …

To space columns equoHv dong the titne scale, divide the ovoikibte horizontal spoce mio twice as mony spaces os there ore to be columns. Then center the columns on every other division mark begmnirtg with the First from either end. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION -- _ Ll ItiATIONAI IKirOMFl frn ( i n ^^ 0 6)6 r.au"C» «» or dcc 3> 1 Magazine of Wall Street, January 29, 1938. SCALE .5 A …

The time series comparison of index numbers in bar form is here supplemented by actual figures. Thus anyone consulting it is able to quote figures without computing the various heights. 2. However, the figures placed at the top of each bar add to its visual length, resulting in a false visual comparison. A better position for the figures would be between the date and the …

Minnrtota Valley Canning Company, Beaver Dam , Wis., "Annual Report for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 1938." A. A Comparison of the Shipmenf of One Brand of Peas and the Shipment of All Others by the Minnesota Valley Canning Company in the Years 1932 and 1937. The reason for including this chart is to illustrate an optical illusion which is seldom seen and which should be …

Note that in horizontal bars the latest year is usually at the bottom so that the reader looks down from the top rather than up from the bottom. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Abstracts from Time Series Charts. A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation, under procedure of American Standards Association, with The American …

Idl Horizontal Line Shading has limited usefulness and is not generolly recommended. (el Crosshatch Shading (diagonal! is recommended in place of black for wide columns. Crosshatch shading mode by crossing verticol and horizontal lines is not recommended. If) Dotted Shading (pebbled or stippled) is sometimes effective for columns of medium width and particularly for small …

Effscts of improper use of shoding £20 ^B SIIF MflNOCNT EZ3 Of KNMNT \WTm ^_L CUtMNT lAININCS SAVINCS SICMITin SOCIAL OTHII SICUdTT ifsouica ACT OTHII SOCIAL rillNDS ot AdNCIIS (ILATIVIS Dun't Review, June, 1938. A. Means of Support of Persons 65 Years of Age or Older Living in the United States in April. 1937. CONTRASTING BAR CHARTS Dun's Review, April, 1938. A. Adver+ising …

Rather than merely state that the year 1929 was equal to 100%, this chart visually represents both index of prices and index of male hourly earnings as 100% bars. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION FREQUENCY RATES SEVERITY RATES Dliabhnq iniurlci 1 per 1.000.000 man h All Indu.»r,.» ^H i3es Tobocco 1 7. IS C*m«n4 laundry 1 662 T«»+.le 1 7.67 StMl 1 651 Print and Pub III Q.IO Nonftrroui …

Dayi loil per 1.000 man hourt All Industries m 1 ^6 Tobacco 1 007 Laundry 1 040 Textile 1 0S7 Print, ond Pub. 1 O.M Gloss |0.b7 Automobile 1 0.74 Tanning and leother |o.e7 Mochinery 1 094 Wood Working ■ I.OB Sheet Metal 1 1.17 Misc Metol Products ■ i.is Cloy Products 1 1.19 Rubber ■ 1.70 Tronsit ■ 1.71 Food ■ 1-74 Chemicol ■ 1.79 Meot Pocking ■ 1.39 Non ferrous Metol …

The bars in blue arc the "special reference" industries. The magazine in which this chart appeared was interested chiefly in those bars colored blue, and used the simple method of color for emphasis. CONTRASTING BAR CHARTS COST OF LIVING INOCX NUMBCRS. l«2« • 100 UMiTtO IMNGOOW rilANCE (PAKiS JA^AN (TOi>»0 MHO 5TATIS SWlTZtBLAMO WHOLESALE PRICES INOO NUMBOS. i«;< = 100 "■'• …

The median value for the United States as a whole is first given, then for each of nine geographical divisions, and finally a separation of the "Seven Cotton States" is made. Chapter 14 PICTORIAL UNIT BAR CHARTS IN A pictorial unit bar chart comparisons are made by using a number of symbols, each of which represents a specific value. Synonyms for pictorial unit bar charts are …

Since fractions are difficult to present in this form, the numerical value of each row of figures is given. 3. It might have been better to leave more space between the 1929 row and the 1932 row, since all the others are consecutive years. 4. As it appeared in the original, the 1936 row was at the top and the 1929 row at the bottom. Because it is general practice to read years …

Compare this form with 121, 123B, and 124A. PICTORIAL UNIT BAR CHARTS 14 AUTOMOBILES I30 HOUSES 56 AUTOMOBILES 63 HOIkSES From '"Humaniiinf the Greater City'i Charity" by Bertrand Brown, Department of Public Charities, City of New York. 1017. A. Comparison of the Means of Transporfation Used in the Department of Public Charities of New York City in 1913 with 1916. 1. The …

B, A Comparison of the Number of Tractors Per One Thousand Farm Families in Three Groups of Farmers in the United States. 1. The "heart" referred to in this chart means a group of states that form the heart of the farming industry, as estimated by the Meredith Publishing Company. 2. The date to which this comparison applies is not definite: the sources listed for the …

From "HumanizifiK the Greater City'i Charity" by Bertrand Brown, Department of Public Charitie*, City of New York, 1917. B. Increase in Poric Production at the Sea View Farms fThe New York City Farin Colony) from 1913 to 1916. Apparently the basis on which the pigs were placed inside the fences was this: one pig was added for each 6000 pounds of pork raised. CHARACTERISTICS OF …

tart Ma. fclaat. 10 »..al» Walfclaa Tht Flaurtt lucluit »m»*% » Truclit From "Our Country, Our People, and Their*" by M. E. Tracy, 1938. By Permittion of The Macmillan Company, Publi»her«. N. Y. C. SCALE .5 B. A Picture of Automotive Transport Facilities in Italy, Germany, Russia, and the United States in 1935 and 1936. It should be noted that although each man afoot …

According to this chart, people in the United States are influenced more by advertisements for headache cures than they are by food advertisements, and are influenced by advertising in proportion to the unfamiliarity of the product advertised. National Re«ources Board, "State Planning," 1935 SCALE .7 B. The Growth in Number of Hunters and Fishermen in Missouri from 1910 to …

From "Humanizing the Greater City't Charity" by Bertrand Brown, Department of Pubhc Charitiet, City of New York. 1917. A Dou.A«'s WORTH Of Milk Feb is. 1029 hmmmL mmNs A Doijjms WORTH Of PtJ>n Bttr res a, 1029 FEaiS.1933 rcB ie.i937 <^^..^^^^ <^^-^ A DOIXAWS WORTH Of BUTTCR | fee IS. 1929 «ff^^ d^^ rtB 14.1933 rtB I«.I937 rulS.1938 Retail Food Phici3. 1929-38 BOB.AAS or Lams …