Scharf, J. Thomas, ed. History of Westchester County, New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. I. Philadelphia: L.E. Preston & Co., 1886.

His wife's death, after a residence in the county of about three years, was a sad blow to the poet's sensitive organization ; but it is plciiisant to think that the sweetest as well as the saddest memories of his "dear heart" his "dear Virginia," were associated with the charming landscapes of Morrisania and Fordham. Poe was nearly thirty-four years old when, in the autumn of …

In 1822 he returned to Richmond, and in 1825 was entered as a student at the University of Virginia. His life at the University was marked by many youthful excesses, which finally resulted in his expulsion. He was very much in debt and upon Mr. Allan's refusal to satisfy the claims of some of his creditors he quarreled with his benefactor and set out to join the Greeks, who …

Baltimore a volumeof poems, " Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems," which iiad been received withfiivor. He seems to have had but little difficulty in obtaining employme'itfrom magazines and newspapers, but the pay was meagre. In despair he enlisted in the army and then deserted. Luckily for him, in 1833 he entered the competition for prizes offered by the Baltimore Saturday …

Poe was often seen walking along the banks of the river, and he and his wife no doubt were wont to sit at the western window and watch the decline of the sun as it sank to rest behind the embattled front of the Palisades. The room formerly occupied by Poe and in which " The Raven" was written, is an apartment of moderate size, on the second floor of the house. Its windows look …

In the following year he took charge of Graham's Magazine. In the spring of 1843, he wrote "The Gold Bug," for which he received a prize of one hundred dollars. He had previously written a number of critical papers and stories, among them "The Mystery of Marie Roget." In the autumn of ]S44 he removed to New York. His residence at first was on what is now Eighty-fourth Street …

His wife's health, which had always been delicate, was failing rapidly and Poe was sub- LITERATI- HE AND IJTHHAKV MEN. hi.s cottage- His jected to the agony ol' seeing her lading, day by day, without the means at hand to minister properly to her comfort. His necessities were finally made known by some friendly hand in the newspapers and a subscription was raised in his behalf …

Poe's affection for his wife and her mother is the one bright spot in his sombre life. In a tender letter of June 12, 184(5, to his wife he speaks of Mrs. Clemm as " our mother," and declares that liis "dear Virginia " is his "greatest and only stimulus now, to battle with this uncongenial, unsatisfactory and ungrateful life.'" Nearly all the personal reminiscence.* of Poe …

A short distance back of the cottage there is a rocky elevation, crowned with cedars. It overlooks a pleasant landscape and the hills of Long Island in the distance. Tradition asserts that this was a favorite spot of Poe's, and here, perhaps, he wove in his brain the ideas which found expression in " Eureka," " Annabel Lee," " For Annie" and " Ulalume," all of which were …

There are two good-sized rooms, a bed-room and a kitchen on the lower floor. In the front room Virginia, Poe's invalid wife, lay through her sickness, and died. On the upper floor there are three rooms, one of them quite large. The old-fashioned chimney passes through it, aftbrding an old-time fireplace, which in winter, when filled with crackling wood, would be a cheerful …

With this money he secured the Fordham cottage, at a rental of one hundred dollars a year, furnished it and removed there with his wife and her mother, Mrs. Clemm, who remained there until Poe's death in 1849. The grounds, comprising about two acres, are as interesting as the house, and have associations reaching back to Revolutionary times, when this neighborhood was a part …

One of these was his nearest neighbor, Mrs. Reuben Cromwell, then a young girl. She said recently that the first time she saw Poe he was up in a cherry-tree picking the fruit, and his wife stood beneath the tree. ' He was a nice-looking young man,' continued Mrs. Cromwell, ' and sociable.' His wife had come out here to get the good air, he said, and to dig in the ground and …

She was overcome when informed of his death, and was sure that he would not have died had she been there to ' nurse him in his bad spell.' The neighbors raised money to enable her to go to Baltimore. Poe had not paid any rent for several months, and Mrs. Clemm afterwards returned and sold their few effects. Among these Mrs. Cromwell obtained the family Bible, a rocking-chair …

Poe continued to reside in the cottage until June, 29, 1849, when he started forth on the journey which terminated in his death. Before leaving, he arranged his papers and instructed Mrs. Clemm as to what disposition to make of them in case he died. After spending some time in Richmond he started on his return to New Y'ork, but got no farther than Baltimore when he was lakeu …

He was re-elected in 18()8 and 1872, and in 187(5 became the editorofthe jAidifs:' Jiejiositort/ of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. Curry has written much for the periodicals of his church in addition to the articles which he gave to his regular editorial work. He has published a "Life of Wyckliff," "The Metropolitan City of America," and a " Life of Bishop Davis W …

From 1835 ro 1843 he was the most part of the time in Europe, striving to revive the Protestant faith in the south of the continent, and to i>romote the cause of temperance in the North. He published a number of valuable works. His son. Professor Henry M. Baird, D.D., LL.D., of Yonkers, professor of Greek in the University of New York, is a distinguished scholar and …

In 1859-61 he was the minister at the Reformed Dutch Church on Bergen Hill, Brooklyn, N. Y., and since May 9, 1861, has been pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Rye, N. Y. Dr. Baird has written " Eutaxia : Historical Sketches," New York, 1855 ; " A Book of Public Prayer," New York, 1857; " History of Rye, N. Y.," 1870; "History of Bedford Church," 1882; "History of the …

Among the eminent men who, after having made high reputations for themselves in other localities, selected Yonkers as the home of their advanced life, is Professor William Holmes Chambers Bartlett. For more than forty years he was identified with the United States Military Academy at West Point, first as a cadet, and subsequently as Professor of Natural and Experimental …

Benton, an appointment-was procured for him as a cadet. He was received at West Point on the 1st of July, 1822, at seventeen years and eight months of age, stood at the head of his class through his whole four years of study, and was graduated at its head on the 1st of July, 1826, having served as Acting iVssistant Professor of Matiiematics during the last two years of his ' …

To the fiill professorship in this department he finally received an appointment from General Jackson in 1836, and continued to fill the position until 1871, when he resigned and was appointed colonel in the regular army on the retired list. The instrument by which he was appointed to his professorship in 1836 is still in his possession. It was forwarded to General Cass, and …

While engaged in the construction of Fort Adams, between 1829 and 1832, Professor Bartlett contributed to SiUimnn^s Journal a paper on " The Expansibility of Coping Stones," which has been frequently referred to by foreign writers. During his life in Washington (1832 to 1834), as first assistant to Chief Engineer (General) Gratiot, he had a great deal to do with the …

In 1839 he published a " Treatise on Optics ;" in 1858, one on "Synthetical Mechanics," and another on "Spherical Astronomy," and in 1859 one on " Acoustics and Optics " and another on " Analytical Mechanics." Before finally retiring from his professorship he also published an article entitled " Strains on Rifle Guns," which will be found in the Memoirs of the National Academy …

The value of his books may be inferred from the fact that they have passed through a succession of editions. The ninth edition of " Analytical Mechanics" was published in 1874. AVe judge from a mere pa.ssing sentence in the preface to the second edition that, in the so-called conflict between scientists and the Bible, this eminent scholar and scientist has no sympathy with …

On the 1st of July he removed from West Point to Yonkers, and took possession of a fine residence which he had purchased for himself on Locust Hill Avenue. Here he has since lived. At the time of his retirement from the Point he was elected actuary of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, and this position he still holds, faithfully fulfilling its duties day by day …

Y., who contributed to this work the two chapters on the history of the townships of Greenburgh and Mount Pleasant, is a native of Somerset County, N. J., and a graduate of Rutgers College and of the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church, at New Brunswick, N. J. After completing his course at the Seminary, in 1848, he was settled towards the latter part of that year as …

Peter Labagh, D.D., with Notices of the History of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in North America," 1860 ; "The Law of Spiritual Growth, a review of Boardman's 'Higher Christian Life,'" in the Princeton Review of October, 1860 ; " The Man for the Times," an Oration delivered before the (iovernor of the State, the Trustees, and the Alumni of Rutger's College, at the …

Brought to the United States when but five years of age, he was educated in New York City and vicinity, chiefly at a school at White Plains. For seven years he taught school, finally becoming known as a writer by his editorial contributions to the Home Journal. His first published work, which appeared in 1855, was the " Life of Horace Greeley," It was a successful piece of …

He was born November 25, 1817; graduated at Union College 1835 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in New York City in 1839. For ten years he was engaged in the practice of his profession, occupying himself, at the same time, more or less with literature and literary journalism. In 1850 he became one of the proprietors and editors of the New York Evening Post, and …

graphs on social and political phases of French history, as well as of many other papers and sketches. In December, 1871, he submitted to Senator Conkling, of New York, an elaborate scheme for the commemoration of the first centennial anniversary of American independence in 1876, which was published in the New York Tribune, and first directed public attention to the approach …

Neal, author of the " Charcoal Sketches." Upon his death a few months later, she took charge of the literary department of Nerd's Gazette, of which her husband had been a proprietor, and conducted it for several years with success. She also contributed frequently to the leading monthly magazines. " The Gossips of Rivertown, with Sketches in Prose and Verse," from her pen, was …

In " Behemoth " he produced an original romance, describing the efforts of a supposed anti-Indian race to overcome the ])re-historic animal known as the mastodon. From December 1840, to May 1842, he edited the Arcturus, [ a monthly magazine, besides writing a comedy and j another novel. In 1843 he ])ublished a volume of poems, and in 1846 his tragedy " Witchcraft," was …

He also wrote a prose tale "The Rifle," in which he portrayed the scenes and incidents of western pioneer life. Other stories followed and were afterwards collected and published under the titles of " Tales by a Country School-master," and '' Tales of the Sea." In 1828 he married Miss Almira Waring of New Rochelle, and in November of the same year commenced the publication of …

He passed the brief remainder of his life at his country place at New Rochelle, which had been his residence since his marriage. In May 1839 he was appointed by President Van Buren, diplomatic agent to the Republic of Guatemala, but he died while preparing to start for his post, on the 29th of May, 1839. He was a writer of great fluency and persuasive force, and a man who …

He afterwards attended school at Opelousas, but his school-life there was somewhat suddenly terminated. His teacher, a Mr. Tinnerman. who Wivs an old soldier of Napoleon, had heard that the noted Colonel David Crockett was to pass through that place on his way to Texas, where he was destined to end his eventful career at the fated Alamo. Resolved to be one of the brave …

Cauldwell purchased, and Page went to California, where he died some years after. At the time when Mr. Cauldwell became connected with the Mrrcurij, it was a small sheet, with a comparatively limited circulation. He immediately went to work with etiergy and vigor to make it the foremost i)apev of its kind. It was the pioneer of Sunday journalism, and from tliat time to the …

the paper has increased its size to a Journal of fiftysi.x columns, and two of Hoe's perfecting presses are re(iuired to work off its regular edition. In the early part of the year 1848 an association of householders, of whom Mr. Cauldwell's father was one, purchased a tract of land north of the Harlem River, and laid out the village of Morrisania, His father, as well as his …

In 1855 the inhabitants of Morrisania village, unwilling to remain longer a part of the town of West Farms, resolved to form a separate township, which was done in the same year. Of the new town, Gouverneur Morris was, in 1856, the first supervisor, and was succeeded the next year by Mr. Cauldwell, who held the office for fifteen terras, and up to the time (1874) when the town …

His first appearance in active politics was in 1856, at which time he was an ardent worker to secure the election of .Tames Buchanan, for President, and .John B. Haskin for Congress, and in 1858 took a prominent part in the re-election of Mr. Haskin. In 1863 he was instrumental in procuring the passage of an act authorizing the construction of a hoi-se railway for Morrisania …

Cauldwell's adaptability for public affairs, he was at one and the same time holding the offices of State Senator, president of the Board of Town Trustees, chairman of the Board of Supervisors of the county, member of the Board of Education, president of the Saving's Bank and chairman of the Democratic General Committee of Morrisania, and in all of these his duties, varied as …

With every work of a public nature in the town of Morrisania, Mr. Cauldwell has been prominently identified. During the fifteen terms in which he held the office of supervisor, nearly a million and a half of dollars passed through his hands ; and his duties were performed with such exactness as to merit and receive the complimentary endorsement of those who were appointed as a …

In 1876 Cauldwell became the sole proprietor of the Sunday Mercury, afad in 1883 he purchased the building No. 3 Park Row, New York, which is fitted with every appliance for a first-class printing and publishing office. He was married October 27, 1845, to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of George Dyer. Their children are Leslie G., Nettie G. and Emily L., wife of Thomas Rogers. His …

In August, 1881, having saved enough money to pay his traveling expenses, besides giving twenty-five or thirty dollars to his father, he arrived in New York City " with a suit of l)lue cotton jean, two brown shirts and five dollars in cash." He obtained work as a journeyman printer, and, in 1834, commenced with Jonas Winchester (afterwards publisher of the New World) a weekly …

His letters from Europe, written to the Tribune, were published in a volume entitled "Glances at Europe." In 1856 he published his "History of the Struggle for Slavery Extension," and, three years later, " An Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco," a series of letters reprinted from the Tribune. Of Mr. Greeley's editorial work on the Tribune it may be said that it …

Greeley contributed to theJVV"- York Lcdin'i- aseries of autobiographic reminiscences, which were afterwards republished in a volume entitled " Recollections of a busy life." In 1870 he reprinted from the Tribune a series of " Essays on Political Economy," defending the " protection theory," which were dedicated to the memory of Henry Clay. In 1872 he published " What I Know …

Y., February 8, 1802, he entered the United States Army as second lieutenant of artillerj' August, 1819, but resigned in 1827 to take charge of the Mornim/ Courier, which had been established in New York City in May of that year. In 1829 he purchased the Enquirer and combined the two with the name of the Morninf/ Courier and New York Enquirer. He became the sole editor, and …

His father, Lyman Beecher, was one of the famous divines of his day, and of his four sons each rose to eminence in the ministry, while his two daughters were equally prominent in literature, ime of them, Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, achieving a world-wide reputation as the author of " Uncle Tom's Cabin." Henry Ward Beecher was born in Litchfield, Conn., June 24, 1813, graduated …

Beecher, at the request of the federal government, delivered an oration at Fort Sumter on the anniversary of its fall, and on the occasion of the formal restoration of the national flag by Ma,jor Anderson. Besides his other literary labors, Mr. Beecher edited " The Plymouth Collection of Hymns and Tunes," a work largely used by churches that practice congregational singing. In …

Y.. to which his father, Daniel, son of Edmonds Wells, had emi- HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY. grated from Hebron, Tolland County, Conn., about the beginning of the Revolutionary War. Edmonds Wells was one of six patentees of the tract twelve miles square now embraced in the townships of Cambridge, White Creek and Jackson, Washington County. On his mother's side Alexander H …

He was editorof the Weekly T'/z/jcs, Haverstraw, Rockland County, four years ; of the Hudson Hirer Chronicle, Sing Sing, three years; and of the Daihj Times, Troy, three years. As a journalist he possessed much force and facility, but his headstrong disposition carried him into frequent situations from which he was forced to retreat. As usual with men of his combative …

He is the author of two chapters in this work -- that on the Indians of Westchester County and another on the Early Exi)lorations and Settlers of the County, and has aided the compiler in many ways-- by suggestions, by correcting manuscripts and read- j ing proof and by lending his valuable support in various directions to the jiromotion of the enterprise. He is justly …

Wood's mother was Phoebe, daughter of Caleb I Underbill, of Yorktown, a descendant of John Underbill, who came from Ettington, in Warwickshire, England, and settled at Oyster Bay, Long Island, in 1667. The Underbill mansion and buildings are still standing at Ettington, while numerous brasses and t monuments to members of the family remain in the ! old parish church. The …

He has never allowed his name to be used in connection with a political nomination. Mr. W^ood has taken a great interest in the cultivation of his farm and in importing and breeding fine sheep. He has been a frequent contributor to the agricultural press, has delivered many agricultural addresses, has taken an active part in the discussions of the Bedford Farmers' Club and has …

He has been the clerk (presiding officer) of their Yearly Meeting for the States of New York and Vermont and is now clerk of the Representative Meeting. He is a member of the Missionary and Educational Boards of that denomination. Mr. Wood has frequently ai)peared upon the lecture platform, with a variety of subjects, in aid of various institutions and charities. In this way …

The farm buildings are largely of stone, and, with the green-houses, grapery, museum of curiosities, vineyards and orchards of many kinds of fruits, combine to make an attractive country home. Mr. Joseph Barrett, author of the town histories of Bedford, North Castle and New Castle, in this work, is a gentleman of cultured literary taste and a clear and interesting writer. He …

William Allen Butler, the noted author of " Nothing to Wear," and of a number of other poetical and prose compositions, is a resident of Yonkers. He is the son of the eminent lawyer and politician, Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, who was a member of the cabinets of Jackson and Van Buren. William Allen Butler was born in Albany, in 1825. After a course of study at the …

Butler jiublished " Lawyer and Client,'' a valuable exi)osition of the relations, rights and duties which ought to exist between the two. In the same year appeared a volume of " Poems," containing the translations from Uhland, "Nothing to Wear," poems of travel and other verses. Other published works of Mr. Butler are " The Bible By Itself," an address be - fore the New York …

His " Sparrowgrass Papers," describing a cockney's residence in the country, were first written for Ptdnam'.n Monthly, but in 1856 were published in book form. He also published, in connection with his business, a pleasant miscellany, entitled The Wine Press, which he continued to edit for seven years, relinquishing the publication on the breaking out of the Civil War. A …

He became its proprietor and remained at its head for the rest of his life. Mr. Clark died in 1841. He was the author of a number of short poems and of a series ofshort essays, anecdotes, etc., entitled '' Ollopodiana," which were published in the Knickerbocker Magazine, then edited by his brother Lewis. The latter conducted the Knickerbocker for many years, and became wideh' …

He took an active part in the Mexican War, and in 1852-54 commanded the expedition to Japan, with which country he negotiated an important treaty, ^larch 21, 1854. Another great naval hero, Admiral D. G. Farragut, was a resident of Westchester County (Hastings, in the town of Greenburgh) in 18<51-62. John Orde Creighton, another commodore of the United States navy, who was …

by the explosion of a shell from the " Merrimac '" upon the eyehole of the pilot-house. In the command of the ironclad " Montauk," of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, he engaged Fort McAllister, January 27, 1 863, and on February 28th attacked and destroyed the privateer steamer " Nashville," under the guns of that fort. He was in the attack of Charleston, under …

Lenart Kool, as Director Minuit's deputy secretary, signed the famous patent to Kiliaen Van Rensselaer for a tract of land on the Hudson River, August 13, 1630, and Barent Jacobsen Kool, as an officer of the West India Company, with six others, signed a " Condition and Agreement " between Jacob Van Curler and certain Indian chiefs on the 8th of June, 1633. Whether these were …

After this he followed some of his children to Ulster County, where his name appears on a list of male inhabitants as late as 1689. The date of his death is not known. The line from him to Rev. Dr. Cole is in hand without a break. It is widely represented by descendants in different States of the Union, but it is especially to be noted that from its earliest appearance in …

Abraham Kool (baptized at Tappan November 2, 1707) and Annetje Meyer had eight children, viz. ; Jacob, Ide (1st), Ide (2d), Isaac, Johannes, Rachel, Abraham and Andreas. 5. Isaac Kool (born Januarj- 21st and baptized at Tappan February 15, 1741) and Catharine Scrven (l)orn at Tappan August 28, 1747) were married at Tappan by Rev. Samuel Verbryk, pastor of the Tappan Reformed …

Nicholas Lansing, October 5, 1777) married Elizabeth Meyer, at Kakiat, .January 11, 1798, the ceremony being performed by Rev. George G. Brinkerhoft'. The wife was a daughter of Johannes Meyer and Tryntje Van Houten, both born in the county, but of Holland descent. These had three children -- Isaac D., Catharine and Eliza. The last died unmarried in 1851. The second, Mrs …

After several years of teaching in New York City he entered the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, N, J., in 1826, and having been licensed to the missionary in 1829, at once became pastor of the Reformed Church at Tappan, in wliich his ancestors had worshipped from its beginning, more than a century and a quarter before, and continued in his pastorate, with an interval of …

The family is of the Reformed Church of Holland from its very start in that country. It was identified with the organization of the first Reformed Church in New Amsterdam (the " Church in the Fort ") and subsequently with the organization of the Reformed Churches of Kingston, Tappan, Clarkstown and West Hempstead (or Kakiat), and it also, before 1800, founded a Reformed Church …

Being the first child of a conscientious and gifted teacher, his training naturally engaged his fathei''s close thought. The course taken with him was such as to give to his mind an early and strong bias for the study of languages, without, however, impairing his education in other branches. But his father's view of the importance of languages was such that he was started in …

Being too well prepared for college at his entrance, he had thrown himself upon his past studies to a large extent, and as a result, came to his graduation, though with credit, yet without distinction. At once after graduation Le began to teach near his father's residence at Tappan, and continued teaching from August, 1842, to November, 1858, more than sixteen years, devoting …

In 1857 he became a professor in that institution, resigning his trusteeship to accept the post. For several years during his teaching life, however, he had been privately studying for the ministry, and, in connection with his teaching work, had established and carried on an enterprise, on which, as a foundation, many years ago, grew up the present Fifth Presbyterian Church of …

Entering upon his new post March Ki, 1863, he remained in it till January 1, 1866. During this period of three years, however, he was several times urged to re-enter the pastorate. The teaching in the college was a fascination to him, but the attraction to the pulpit proved the stronger, and in December, 1865, a call from the Reformed Church of Y^onkers was accejited. From the …

It was not till about 1855 that he began to appear much as a public speaker. At this time, in addition to his evangelistic work, before alluded to, in Trenton, he became deeply enlisted in a new educational movement in the State of New Jersey, and, by permission of the State Legislature, joined with others in pressing the interests and wants of the public schools upon the …

During his ministry he has been absorbed in two specialties, the one being his principal and the other his secondary object of pursuit. The former is the critical study of the Bible originals and the development of the Bible's thought, and the latter is the tracing of Divine Providence through history. Of the results of his Bible study, he has written and printed very much …

In October, 1882, at the call of his fellow-citizens of Yonkers, he delivered in the open air, to many thousands of people, a bi centennial oration commemorative of the founding of the Manor (now the city) Hall of Yonkers, which was printed and very widely circulated. In 1883 and 1884 he edited the " History of Rockland County," alluded to above. In Sei)tember, 1884, as …

in the same capacity, he presided at the first session of the centennial of the same seminary, and delivered the " Response " to the " Address of Welcome," which was printed in a volume with the proceedings. His latest publication has been the "History of Yonkers," contained in this work. In all his published historical addresses he has had in view one controlling object -- to …

Samuel Edsall came to Boston, Mass., in 1648, settled among the Dutch in New Amsterdam in 1655, and afterwards became quite prominent in the colonial aflairs of New Yc^rk and New Jersey. Mr. Woodhull came to Lynn, Mass., about 1G40, and was an early settler and leading citizen of Southampton and Brookhaven, L. I. Other immigrant ancestors of Mr. Edsall came in the seventeenth …

Edsall was detached and assigned to duty at headquarters under the chief engineer of the department. In November he returned to New York and was mustered out with his regiment. He then studied law with O'Connor & Dunning and at Columbia College Law School, was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1865, and has since been in practice in New York City. He is now a member of the …

He is still (1886) pursuing the practice of his profession, and resides in White Plains. Mr. Mitchell has devoted a good deal of study to the history of his locality, and is recognized as an authority upon that subject. Besides writing the very able and interesting history of White Plains for this work, he has written a number of other articles on subjects relating to White …

The paper is deposited with the pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church at White Plains. Mr. Mitchell has been twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth Anderson, daughter of the Hon. Joseph H. Anderson. Their children were William Anderson, who is now a manager of one of the departments of the New York Safe Deposit Company, of New York City, and Anna Caroline. His second …

Coffey's literary work has only been second in importance and value to his labors in the ministrj-. He delivered the centennial address of the laying of the corner-stone of St. Paul's Church, East Chester, in October, 1865, and a memorial paper in 1875 upon the life and services of Rev. Thomas Standard, D.D., at the dedication of a tablet erected in his honor in the church. He …

Kellogg, of New Rochelle, and has two sons, both of whom are living. John William Draper, M.D., LL.D., the late chemist and physiologist, was born in Liverpool, England, May 5, 1811, and at the time of his death, in 1886, lived at Irvington, in Westchester County. He was educated at the University of London. Emigrating to America in 1833, he continued his chemical and medical …

Robert Bonner, the proprietor of the New York Ledger, born in Londonderry, Ireland, about 1820, of Scotch-Presbyterian ancestry, is or was a resident of Westchester. While a lad in the printing-office of the Hartford Courant it is said he could set up more type in a day than any man in the State. He went to New York City in 1844, purchasing the Ledger, then an obscure sheet …

He was severely wounded at Port Hudson, joined General Grant in January, 1864, as his military secretary, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and was made brevet brigadier-general United States army for faithful and meritorious services in the war. He became colonel and aide-de-camp to the general of the army in March, 186j, and continued to May, 1869, when he was retired. He …

His education, as we have said, was more of a business character. Hence we see him, after spending a little time as clerk in a country store, engaged in measuring the distances and assisting in plotting the maps of Ulster and Scoharie Counties. We should not forget to mention that his first business venture was with a mouse-trap which he had constructed and brought to the city …

Y^., on May 27, 1836, he said he assisted his sisters in tending the cattle and one day he said to his father he would like to go to school. The father replied that he was too young, " but," said the witness, "I was determined to secure an education, as I was then fourteen years of age. At last," said the witness, with a smile, " I fell in with a blacksmith, and as I could …

" After that," said the witness, " I had not the heart next day to ask anybody to give me a dinner." He finally went to a quiet place, where nobody could see him, and had a good cry. He then went to his sister's house, where he went up stairs and prayed, after which he felt better. After that he resolved not to go home again, but to go ahead and die in the last ditch. He …

He became a large owner of Union Pacific stock in consequence of a misunderstanding with parties interested and also owing to the illness of Mr. Horace F. Clark in Chicago. The road was then in a bad way, the stock going down to fifteen, and the only thing he could do to save himself was to hold on to what he had, while at the same time he still kept buying. He made up his …

Gould said that he had at this time passed the point where money-making was an object, and his only idea was in carrying out the system to merely see what could be done by combinations. The lines now spread through Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Arkansas and Indian Territory, Texas, Louisiana and Mexico. There _are central connections at Cincinnati, St. Louis …

He found it would be impossible to accomplish this on account of the extent of the latter's connections. He then turned his attention to getting control of Western Union by buying stock when it was low. Finding it a paying investment, he had been constantly increasing his interest. His subsequent history as a .successful business man, and finally as one of the greatest …

Frederick Whittaker's education in the mean time was of a desultory character, and his attendance at school was limited to six months at a Mr. Walker's private school in Brooklyn. His father tried to make a lawyer of him, but the boy's tastes inclined to literature. At sixteen he entered the office of N. Dane Ellingwood, a lawyer, as office-boy, and two or three years later …

In 1870, with some money inherited from English relatives, he was enabled to buy his present home at Mount Vernon. He also married and set to work in earnest to earn a living by his pen. This he succeeded in doing by writing serials and dime novels for Muuro, of the Fireside Companion, Beadle and others. He also contributed a set of papers to the Army and Navy Journal, called …

In 1841 she returned to New York, and was employed in visiting prisons and lecturing to women. In the spring of 1844 she accepted appointment as matron of the Female Department of the State Prison, at Sing Sing. In 1848 she was connected with the Institution for the Blind, in Boston, and from 1849 to 1856 resided in California. She returned to New York and published …

His literary work has comprised a number of historical papers and newspaper articles, and lie is a member of the Westchester Historical Society and secretary of the Westchester Bible Society. Mr. Charles E. Culver, author of the town histories of Somers and North Salem in this work, was born on the 6th of April, 1842, in the town of Somers, in the house now owned and occupied …

The family then removed to Whitlockville, (now Katonah,) and Charles attended the private school of Mrs. Miller and Miss Mitchell, near that place. He continued his studies, after the close of the latter school, at the public school and under tutors. In 18()() he began the study of dentistry in New York, intending to complete the course at the Baltimore Dental College, but the …

Col. T. B. Wilson was from Alabama, and had charge of the Masonic department of the paper. After the firm had sold out the publication, Mr. Culver became connected with the daily press of Chicago, having began to wTite for the press when a mere lad. His first real newspaper work was done for the late Horace Greeley about 1861, since which time he has been more or less actively …

Lyman Cobb, Sr-, born in Massachusetts in 1800, and one of the greatest educators and most indefatigable authors of his time, spent the last five years of his life in Yonkers. Mr. Cobb began teaching at sixteen, and published his famous " Cobb's Spelling- Book " at nineteen years of age. This book went into all the schools of the country. His subsequently published books were …

Several leading business men of Yonkers have done more or less amateur writing, now and then throwing their productions into pamphlet form. Among these, one is Mr. Robert P. Getty, whose overflowing.life has made itself felt in so many and such various directions. Mr. Getty's home delight has been in his library, within the walls of which he has collected and systematically …

But, most of all, it helps to reveal the mind and vivacity of the writer, who has himself been one of the institutions of Yonkers since 1849. Hon. G. Hilton Scribner, who came to Yonkers about twenty years ago as a practicing lawyer, and who, from 1871 to 1873, was Secretary of State, has now long confined himself to the management of a New York City railroad. He is, however …

Dr. Baird was widely known before, but this masterly work gave him a greatly increased reputation. Its style is a model, it thrills with interest, its grasp is profound, and altogether it is a masterpiece. The notices of it by foreign as well as home journals, while independent and in many cases ably critical, have been most flattering, and some have not hesitated to rank the …

Two years later he removed to Buffalo, where he practiced five years, and wrote and published a number of papers on the causes and treatment of cholera, which ravaged that city in 1849 and 1851. Dr. Lewis during those years of practice became impressed with the necessity of physical culture to prevent disease, and in 1855 he gave up the practice of his profession, and began a …

He next established a seminary for girls in Lexington, Mass., his object being to illustrate the possibilities in the physical development of girls'during their school-life. This seminary rapidly became popular, and attracted pupils from all parts of the country and even from Central America and the West Indies. Dr. Lewis remained in Boston until 1882, when he removed to …

From 1857 she has been writing for the Nev York Ledger. Since the latter year she has published through the New York Ledger only. She is at present (December, 1885) writing her sixty-seventh novel. Her works have been republished in P^ngland, and translated into German, French and Spanish. Mrs. Southworth is a lady of refinement, of great intelligence and extensive reading …

October 3, 1642, John Throgmorton (or Throckmorton) and some friends, who had suffered in the persecution against Roger Williams, obtained permission of the authorities of the New Netherlands to settle thirty-five families in what is now the town of Westchester, and doubtless the settlement was made shortly after this date. This territory had been purchased of the Indians in …

In 1646, Adriaen van der Donck received a grant of this tract, called Nepperhaem, where Yonkers now stands, from the Dutch. ' This grant was made under the " Charter of Privileges and Exemptions," issued June 7, 1629, " which provided that any member of the company who should purchase of the Indians, and found in any part of New Netherland (except Manhattan) a colonic of fifty …

Their offer was accepted. They requested the privilege of choosing their own officers and of making and administering their own laws. They were granted the same privileges as the freemen of the villages of Middleborough, Brenkelen, Midwout and Amersfoort. They were allowed to nominate double the number of persons, from whom the executive would make selections. These officers …

"Towns or communes sometimes acquired independence of these feudal lords, and held their privileges directly from the crown. They were incorporated and held land in fee, and possessed the rights of patroons. They named persons from whom the executive selected officers called ' schepens. ' These constituted a board of conmiunication with their sovereign head, were a local court …

" Strange as it may seem, while every colonie, and almost every hamlet, had its local magistracy, the citizens of New Amsterdam [New York City], the capital of the whole province, continued, greatly to their discontent, without a voice in the management of their municipal affairs. The government of the city still remained in the hands of the Director- General and his council." …

Churches and schools were required to be established, and the manufacture of cloths was prohibited. The company retained the fur trade and fettered commerce. Several directors of the company availed themselves of the advantages offered. The Patroon of Bensselaerswyck, however, was the only one who established a manorial court, and he rendered the privilege of appeal nugatory …

By the treaty of 1650 Greenwich on the main land and Oyster Bay on Long Island became the eastern limits of the latter. ' November 15, 1663, Westchester was ceded by Stuyvesant to Connecticut, and English law and customs prevailed. Less than a year later, September 8, 1664, the New Netherlands surrendered to an English squadron under Richard Nicolls. The New Netherlands became …

"A convention of two delegates from each town on Long Island' was held at Hempstead in February, 1665, for the purpose of receiving from the Governor the code which he had prepared, and which was called ' the Duke's Laws.' The code was chiefly compiled from laws then in force in New England, 'with an abatement of the severity against such as differ in matters of conscience and …

Ttie Governor and the Council appointed each year a sheriff for the whole of Yorkshire, and three justices of the peace for each riding, who were to continue in office during the Governors pleasure, and were to hold a Court of Sessions in each riding three times a year, in which the Governor or any of his councilors might preside. Besides their local duties, the high sheriff" …

Town officers were required to make assessments annually, and taxes were levied through the Courts of Sessions, which made requisitions upon the town authorities. The delegates to the convention asked for power to choose their local magistrates. This was denied, the Governor exhibiting his instructions from the Duke of York, 'wherein the choice of all the officers of justice …

Council and the Representatives, and by the authority of the same, that the said Province be divided into twelve countys as foUoneth . The County of Westchester to conteyne. West and Eastcliester, Bronx-land, Fordham, Anne Hook's Neck, Richbell's, Miuiford's Islands, and all the land on the uiaine to the eastward of Manhattan's Island, as farre as the government extends, and …

The determination of the boundary line settled the civil status of Bedford and Rye. Both colonies acknowledging one supreme authority an amicable adjustment was possible. Commissioners were sent over for the purpose in 1664. The line decided upon was to be twenty miles east of the Hudson River and was located at the Mamaroneck River. The towns named above fell to our neighbor …

The line was not finally established until May 14, 1731, by which the " Oblong," a tract of sixty-one thousand four hundred and forty acres, extending as far north as the Massachusetts line, was ceded to New York, in compensation for loss of territory along the Sound, in addition to the towns named above. That portion of the " Oblong " which belongs to this county was erected …

The Assembly finding the inconvenience of bringing y« ]ieace, sheriffs, constables @ other persons concerned from the remote parts of this government to 'New York, did, instead of the Court of Assizes which was yearly held for the whole Government of this province, erect a Court of Oyer and Terminer, to be held once every year within each county, for the determining of such …

A Supreme Court was established, the Court of Oyer and Terminer as a distinct court was abolished, and its jurisdiction vested in the Supreme Court, which retained also the name for its criminal circuit, the functions of the Court of Sessions were confined to criminal matters, and a Court of Common Pleas, erected for each county, with cognizance of all actions, real, personal …

" Quarter Sessions. -- The Justices of the Peace in Quarter Sessions have all such powers and authorities as are granted in a commission of y' Peace in England. '• Count// Court. -- The County Court or Common Pleas hath cognizance of Civil Accons to any value, excepting what concerns title of land and noe Accon can be removed from this court, if the damage be under €20. " …

Smith, in his " History of New York," gives us an interesting account of the courts as they were in 1757,-- "Justices of the peace are appointed by commission from the Governors, who, to serve their purposes in elections, sometimes grant, as it is called, the administration to particular favorites in each county, which is the nomination of officers civil and military ; and by …

Thro' the infancy of the country, few, if any of them, are acquainted with the law. The practice of these courts is similar to that of the common bench at Westminster. They have each a clerk, conunissioned by the Governor, who issues their writs, enters their minutes and keeps the records of the country. They are held twice every year. These judges, together with some of the …

The latter court had both legislative and judicial functions, while the former exercised some of the functions of the supervisors.' From 1C83 to 1G91 we have the Court of Oyer and Terminer, with civil, criminal and appellate jurisdiction, held by one judge and three resident justices of the peace ; a Court of Sessions, with civil and criminal jurisdiction and power to audit …

Most of the officers thus appointed held office during the pleasure of the Governor. This condition of affairs produced dissatisfaction among the people, and led to an almost perpetual conflict between the Government and the General Assembly. The elective officers were the overseers, supervisors, collectors, assessors and constables of the town, the mayor, aldermen and Common …

had a casting vote, consisting of one Senator elected annually by the Assembly from each of the four senatorial districts. A Governor and Council holding office at the pleasure of the King gave place to a Governor and a Council elected by the people for a limited term, and thus became directly amenable to them. The elective franchise in principle remained the same, with the …

In England the granting of probates was a royal prerogative and in the colony was vested in the King's representative, the Governor. The Governor of the State was stripped of this authority, which was granted to the surrogates of the counties and the Court of Probate. With these exceptions, the colonial courts were recognized, and we have the Court of Chancery with equity …

The justices of the peace were to be appointed by the supervisors and judges of the County Court. The courts in name remained the same, but the constitution of the Supreme Court was somewhat changed and a Circuit Court was added. "The Supreme Court sat four times a year in review of their decisions and for the determination of questions of law. Each justice was empowered to …

The Constitution of 1846 extended the franchise to every resident white male citizen who was twentyone years of age. The XV. Amendment to the Constitution of the United States erased the word white. All judicial offices of the State, all county offices and almost all civil offices in the gift of the State became elective. The Court for the Final Impeachment and the Correction …

On the first Wednesday of December a Court of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail Delivery was to be held. Westchester remained the shire or county-town until November 6, 1759, when the last session of the Court of Common Pleas was held there. * The New York Post-Boy of February 13, 1758, contained the following item : " New York, Februarv 13th. -- We hear from AVestchester …

We have not heard how it happened." ^ The destruction of the court-house on February 4, 1758, and the felt necessity for a more central location for the county town, led to the passing of the following act on December 16, 1758 : " An Act to impower the Justices of the Peace and Aldermen of the Borough of Westchester, in conjunction with the Supervisors of the said County, to …

The act of April 11, 1785, ordered them to be held in the Presbyterian meeting-house at Bedford until the court-house should be rebuilt or until further orders of the Legislature. The act of May 1, 1786, directed the erection of courthouses at both White Plains and Bedford and eighteen hundred pounds was appropriated for the purpose. Stephen Ward, Ebenezer Lockwood, Jonathan …

Elections. -- During the colonial period elections were held on the first Tuesday of April in each of the towns for choosing of town officers, and as often as writs of election directed to the high sheriff" were issued for the purpose of selecting members of the Colonial Assembly. The places where the latter were 6 Bolton's "History of Westchester County," vol. ii. p. 299 (new …

Until after the passage of the act of March 27, 1799, the canvassers were a joint committee of the Legislature, the boxes containing the ballots being sent by the sheriff to the Secretary of State for the purpose. After that date there were local canvassers. The result was recorded by the town clerk, who made return to the county clerk, who made record and transmitted it to …

Election Days.-- The act of February 13, 1787, appointed the last Tuesday of April the day for the general election, which might be held for five days. By the act of April 17, 1822, it was changed to the first Tuesday of November, and the polls were opened, bj' adjournment from place to place, for three successive days. The act of April 5, 1842, the Tuesday succeeding the …

and one collector, and for the collection of taxes.* These duties were transferred to a Board of Supervisors by an act of General Assembly i)asscd June 19, 1703 (2d Anne), entitled " An Act for the better explaining and more effectually putting into Execution an Act of General Assembly made in the third year of the Reign of their late Majesties King William and C^ueen Mary …

Supervisors had been chosen in several of the towns before the passage of the act of 1703 (East Chester, 1686; Mamaroneck, 1697; New Rochelle, 1700), but what were their duties it is impossible to state. The records of the proceedings of the supervisors prior to 1772 having been lost during the Revolutionary War, we can only surmise what sections of the county came under the …

provided that in case of failure to elect, or where there were not more than twenty inhabitants, the owner of the manor or his steward should be supervisor. The freeholders of the Manor of Cortlandt were authorized, by the act of December 16, 1737, to elect annually one supervisor, one treasurer, two assessors and one collector, and Ryke's Patent, by the act of January 27 …

This place being inconvenient, the supervisors were directed to meet in the school-house at Rye, by an act entitled, " An Act to alter the place of the supervisors' meeting in the county of Westchester," passed 29th of November, 1745, with the privilege of adjourning to such place as the majority should deem proper. The population of the northern portions of the county …

May 31, 1784, the supervisors met at the house of John Cromwell, in Harrison's Precinct, and there were present the following persons : John Thomas, Rye ; Wm. Paulding, Manor of Philipsburgh ; Jonathan G. Tompkins, Manor of Scaredale; Joseph Strang, JIanor of Cortlandt; Thad. Crane, town of Upper Salem; Benj. Stevenson, New Kochelle ; Israel Honeywell, Yonkers ; Miller …

The name of Stephentown was changed to Somers April 6, 1808. We?t Farms was formed from Westchpster May 13, 1846. Morrisania was formed from West Farms December 7, 1855. King's Bridge was formed from Yonkers December 16, 1872. By an act of the Legislature passed May 23, 1873, the towns of Morrisania, West Farms and King's Bridge were annexed to the county of New York, to take …

I., simply for the promulgation of the " Duke's Laws," which had been framed by the Governor under the authority of James, Duke of Y^ork and Albany. Westchester (later the borough and town of Westchester) was represented by Edward Jessup and John Quinby. The tyranny and the customs law of the Duke of York so exasperated the people that the Duke, fearing lest the expenses of …

Westchester was represented in this Assembly by Thomas Hunt, Sr., Jno. Palmer, Richard Ponton and William Richardson. At Leisler's Assembly, in 1690, Thomas Browne was Westchester's representative. He died and a new writ of election wbs issued. Governor Sloughter arrived March 19, 1691, with instructions from William and Mary to re-establish the Assembly and reinstate the …

The General Assembly legally dates from 1691, with which date the comjjilers of the colonial laws were directed to commence. In the first eight Assemblies the county of Westchester was represented. By the royal charter of April 6, 1(596, the borough of Westchester (now town) was established, the freeholders of which were empowered to choose a mayor, six aldermen and six …

He subsequently presented himself, accompanied by the members, to the Governor, for his approval, which was, of course, granted. The Speaker thereupon addressed the (iovernor, and, in behalf of the House, prayed ' that their words and actions may have a favorable construction ; that the members may have free access to him, and they and their servants be privileged with freedom …

Both houses were present in the Council Chamber when the Governor passed the bills sent him, on which occasion the custom was for his Excellency to ask the advice of his Council with respect to every bill. If approved, he signed them after these words, 'I assent to this bill, enacting the same, and order it to be enrolled.' The acts were thereupon i>ubliBlied in the open …

Adolph Phillipse, Westchester, 1722-26. Fred. Phillipse, Westchester, 1726-.^0. Fred. Phillipse (2d), Westchester, 1751-75. Daniel Purdy, Westchester, 1739-43. Joseph Purdy, Westchester, l(;9.")-99, 1701-5, 1709. Joseph Theale. Westchester, 1001-94, 1097. John Townsend, Westchester, 1745-75. Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jfanor of Cortlandt, 1708-75. Philip Verplanck, Manor of …

These conventions were four in number. The first Provincial Convention met May 22, 1775. The apportionment varied. Some of the members were elected for one year, others for six months. The vote was taken by counties. The First, Second and Third Congresses met in New York, while the Fourth was migratory, -- meeting at White Plains, Fishkill and Kingston. The deputies were …

Tompkins. Pierre Van Cortlandt. The latter was the presiding officer. State Conventions. -- The Fourth Provincial Congress, which assumed the name of the Convention of Representatives of the State of New York, resolved itself into a convention to frame a Constitution for the State. August 1, 1776, a committee^ of thirteen members was appointed to prepare a form of government …

The Governor, who presided over the Council of Appointment, was to have " a casting voice, but no other vote." The elective officers were Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Senators, Assemblymen and the clerks, supervisors, constables and collectors of the several towns. All other officers -- civil and military -- were appointed by the Council of Appointment. Male resident owners …

The Third Convention is that of 1801, which was held at Albany October 13th to 27th, pursuant to an act passed April 6th of that year, to settle the controversy which had arisen regarding the relative powers of the Governor and Council of Appointment respecting nominations for office, and to consider the expediency of altering the Constitution in regard to the number of …

The former was objected to as exercising its veto power contrary to the ideas for which the colonists contended, and as being beyond the reach of the peo- CIVIL HISTORY. pie ; aud the latter, because it had assumed judicial authority. The Constitution of 1821 was ratified by the people February, 1822. The vote was put into the hands of all white male citizens, ^^rtually …

Members of Assembly in each countj- had been hitherto elected on a general ticket. The third Constitution of 1846 directed the Boards of Supervisors to divide their counties into Assembly Districts. Delegates from Westchester Couiity. John HuDter.2 Aaron Ward. The Sixth Convention, convened in the same manner as the preceding, met in the Assembly Chamber, in Albany, June 4 …

Membirrs of the Commisrioii, Second JiidU ial Ditlrkt.^ Jdo. J. Armstrong. Odle Close. Erastns Brooks. Beuj. D. Silliman. State LEtusLATrRE.-- The Legislature of the State of New York is composed of the Senate and Assembly, the members of both bodies elected by the people, l^t a voce voting was done away with by the act of February 13, 1787, and since that the ballot has been …

The term of office is two years ; under the Constitution of 1777 it was four. Westchester County has belonged, successively, to the Southern, First, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Twelfth. List of Itisiilents of Westchester Countu who have Represented the various Dittricts to which it hat belonged in the Senate. Xanies. Years in the Senate. Benj. Brandreth 1850-51, 1858-59 …