Ruttenber, E.M. Footprints of the Red Men: Indian Geographical Names in the Valley of Hudson's River, the Valley of the Mohawk, and on the Delaware. Published in the Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association, Vol. VI. 1906.

^*»'«i»?'- --•-- -.^'-i- .^J*-' 'I"* ^T-J ft • - .-V^«- (It «■•.« , k ■< y 3««r>' '.I X B « PROCEEDINGS OF THE New York State Historical Association THE SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING, WITH CONSTITUTION, BY-LAWS AND LIST OF MEMBERS. PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION r fMEWBURGH JOURNAL. PRINT. Gift The Society NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. President, Hon …

Richards, Ticonderoga " 1907 Mr. Ho^vland Pell, New York " 1907 Gen. Henry E. Tremain, New York " 1908 Mr. William Wait, Kinderhook " 1908 Dr. Sherman Williams, Glens Falls " 1908 Mr. Robert O. Bascom, Fort Edward " 1908 Mr. Francis W. Halsey, New York " 1908 Mr. Harry W. Watrous, Hague " 1908 Com. John W. Moore, Bolton Landing " 1908 Rev. Dr. Joseph E, King, Fort Edward " …

Sherman Williams, chairman of the committee on historic spots, reported orally that arrangements had been made for the erection of a boulder with a bronze tablet at Half-Way Brook, and that arrangements were in progress for marking other spots in \!he vicinity of Lake George. The report was accepted and the committee continued, and the comtmittee were requested to make a …

Albert Haight, Albany, N. Y. Hon. John Woodward, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. E. B. Hill, 49 Wall Street, N. Y. City. Rev. Dr. Thos. B. Slicer, N. Y. City. Mr. G. C. Lewis, Albany, N. Y. Dr. George S. Eveleth, Little Falls, N. Y. George C. Rowel'l, 8i Chapel Street, Albany, N. Y. Mr. James F. Smith, So. Hartford, N. Y. Mr. George Foster Peabody, Lake George, N. Y. Mr. Grenville H …

Sebring, Kingston, N. Y. Mr. Neil M. Ladd, 646 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. J. Hervey Cook, Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, N. Y. Air. H. L. Broughton, Sandy Hill, N. Y. Daniel L. Van Hee, Rochester, N. Y. Edmund Wetmore, 34 Pine Street, N. Y. City. Mrs. Lydia F. Upson, Glens Falls, N. Y. Mr. Daniel F. Imrie, Lake George, N. Y. Mr. James Green, Lake George, N. Y. Mr. Edwin J …

The following trustees were unanimously elected by ballot for the term of three years : 8 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. Gen. Henry E. Tremain, N. Y. City ; William Wait, Kinderhook, N. Y. ; Dr. Sherman Williams, Glens Falls, N. Y. ; Robert O. Bascom. Fort Edward, N. Y. ; Francis W. Halsey, New York ; Harry W. Watrous, Hague, N. Y. ; Rev. Dr. Joseph E. King, Fort …

Halsey, of New York, was read by the Hon. Grenville M. Inga'lsbe in the absence of Mr. Halsey. Dr. Sherman Williams, of Glens Falls, read a monograph entitled, The " Organization of Sullivan's Expedition." Hon. Grenville M. Ingalsibe read by title only a paper entitled, " A Bibliography of Sullivan's Expedition." A paper entitled, " An Indian Civilization and its Destruction," …

Lrsk was presented to the Trustees and after disicussion the same was referred to the Treasurer and Secretary with power to settle the same. The following committees were appointed : Standing Committee on Legislation: Hon. James A. Roberts, Gen. Henry E. Tremain, Dr. Sherman Williams, Morris Patterson Ferris, Hon. Hugh Hastings. On Marking Historic Spots: Dr. Sherman Williams …

Ingalsbe furnish ithe same for publication in the ensuing volume of the proceedings of the Association. An address entitled, " Robert R. Livingston, the Author of the Louisiana Purchase," by Hon. D. S. Alexander, of Buffalo, N. Y., concluded the session, and after a vote of thanks to the various speakers, the meeting adjourned until two o'clock in the afternoon of the same …

Holden, Treasurer New York State Historical Association, From July i, 1905, to Jan. iS, 1906. RECEIPTS. July I, 1905-- Cash on hand $ 194 73 Received from dues, etc 390 10 $ 584 83 DISBURSEMENTS. Aug. 5, E. H. Lisk, printing $ 200 00 5, R. O. Bascom, postage and sundries 27 50 Sep. 8, E. H. Lisk; printing 6225 Sep. 7, R. O. Bascom. postage 23 28 7, Milton Reid, expenses 15 31 …

A marker has been erected at Half-Way Brook and another planned for at Bloody Pond. The tablet at Half-Way Brook was made under the direction of W. J. Scales, who is also to prepare the design for the one at Bloody Pond. The marker at Half- Way Brook is a large boulder resting upon another large boulder nearly buried in the ground. The boulders are large and very hard, and the …

For cutting a smooth face on the boulder and fitting tablet to it $ 25 25 For photographing the monument i 00 Paid Mr, Scales on account 45 00 Total $ 71 25 In the Spring it will be necessary to meet a small expense to grade the ground and seed it. We hope to have 'Jhe marker at Bloody Pond in place before our next annual meeting. Respectfully submitted, SHERMAN WILLIAMS …

N. Y. Davis, William Gilbert, t^2 Nassau Street, N. Y. Davis, Dr. Booth C, Alfred, N. Y. de Peyster, Mrs. Beekman, 2345 Broadway, N. Y. (winter), Johnstown, N. Y. (summer). Draper, Hon. A. S., Albany, N. Y. Gunnison, Hon. Royal A., Janeau, Alaska. Hopson, Rev. Dr. George B., Annandale, N. Y. Horton, Mrs. John Miller, 736 Main St., Bufifalo, N. V, Tngalsbe, Franc Groesbeck …

Y. O'Brien, M. J., 195 Broadway, N. Y. Paige, Edward Winslow, 44 Cedar Street, New York. Pierce, Rev. Dr. Walter Franklin, 16 S. Elliott Place, Brooklyn. Rogers, Howard J., Albany, N. Y, Rhoades, W. C. P., 400 Putnam Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Sill, Dr. Frederick S., 169 Mohawk Street, Cohoes, N. Y. Schell, F. Robert, 280 Broadway, N. Y. Smith, William Alex., 412 Madison Avenue …

The thanks of the Trustees were extended to Dr. Stevens for his services as chairman of the Committee on Membership. The Secretary and Mr. William Wait, of Kinderhook, were by motion duly carried appointed a committee on the publication of the Proceedings of the Association. The edition was fixed at 750 copies and the Secretary instructed not to send proceedings to persons who …

Sullivan was not to be an actor in the war's closing scenes, and the valor that gleams the name of Marion, the splendor of Greene's military intelligence, and the glory that is linked with the name of Washington at Yorktown were not his. Neither had he the methodical madness of Wayne, the pusillanimity of the self-seeking Gates, the recklessness of Pu^tnam, nor the aestheistic …

He displayed a fine courtesy to those about him, both to his soldiers and compatriot generals. I quote the following paragraph from A. Tififany Norton, who I believe to be the one who has written the best account of the Indian campaign, and it is a wonder to me that one who sho^vs so broad a grasp of history and its essential principles and the elements that make for …

Yet sucli has been, in great degree, the case, and the name of Sullivan occupies a lesser space in the history of the Revolutionary struggle, than those of many others whose achievements fell far s'hort of his in magnitude and importance. Sullivan has been made the victim of the intrigues and petty jealousies of his times, and while for this his own indiscretions may justly be …

At the beginning of the Revolution there was a democracy of six confederate states within the present boundaries of our own municipality. So strong had this democracy grown that it dominated the inhabitants of a territory of more than a million square miles. Their battle-cry was heard from the Kennebec to Lake Superior, and under the very fortifications of Quebec they …

No colonist had trodden it. From no peak had trapper looked across the profile of their land. Their numbers were unknown and could only be guessed at by their achievements -- and these were terrible. How silly of Gordon to criticise Sullivan for over-manning his expedition. Darkest Africa is better known to-day than was then the land of the Iroquois. They were re-enforced by …

It is related that having found an Indian woman too old and feeble to retreat with her people, that Sullivan left her with a plentiful supply of provisions, though, as one of the party writes, " we only had half a ration every other day ourselves." It is not my province to put forth a brief for General Sullivan, yet that one incident cast a side-light on his character that …

Nothing could be farther from the truth. At Bedford he withdrew his forces because the French Navy would not support him, and it was out of the question to remain in the position he had taken up. We have John Fiske's word for it that Brandywine was a drawn battle. Of energy he had a plenty. It is on record that after he and General Clinton united (and Clinton was no sluggard) …

But we should remember that he was dealing with a Continental Congress of the latter years of the war, and if you search history for a thousand years you will not be able to find an aggregation of political castros equal to this same Continental Congress. The men who had made the primal congresses great had set themselves to serve the nation in other ways, and Congress had …

We should remember that Sullivan was a Kelt, And through the centuries the Kelts have given us the lordliest orators and golden artists, but for tenacity of purpose no one has celebrated them. General Sullivan when he was taken prisoner and fell under the influence of the British military power, and contrasting them with the meagerness that he had been accustomed to, for once …

State to ten thousand ignorant people this question, and they will shout with one voice " that it is not right." State this question to ten thousand college professors, and they will back and fill, debate and re-debate, and finally be fogged by their very knowledge and at last come to no conclusion at all. It has never been sufiiciently made clear that the classes fought the …

He was a true patriot for he lost his all by giving his attention to public rather than private affairs, and though respected by all and honored by his State, his last years were the years of gloom and the gathering clouds, for his life was beset by heartless creditors. The last scene is the saddest of all, for at his funeral his creditors tried to seize his body and would …

" The immediate objects," said Washington, in his letter of instruction to Sullivan, " are the total destruction and devastation of the Indian settlements," He added that the Indian country was " not to be merely overrun, but destroyed." If we have regard for proportions, greater losses were inflicted upon the Indians by Sullivan than were ever inflicted upon the settlements …

In Tryon county alone, 12,000 farms went out of cultivation; fully two-thirds of the population either died or fled, While of the one-third who remained 300 were widows and 2,000 orphans. And yet, as I have said, the losses of the Iroquois were greater still. But it is with the causes which led to this savage work that I am here to deal. For quite 100 years, Joseph Brant and …

Outside the official class, however, there were patriots in plenty ; none of the colonies possessed more ; but as New York City was completely dominated by Tory influences, so was the M'ohawk Valley dominated by the Johnsons and their army of followers, in whom loyalty to England was a deep-seated sentiment and a fixed principle of conduct. Sir William Johnson had died just as …

Their own history for three hundred years had been one of peace between brother nations. " No taxation without representation " was a principle beyond their comprehension. The men who defied Britis'h soldiers in the streets of New York and Boston seemed to them exactly like the French of Canada who in the older wars had stormed English forts on the Northern Frontier, since …

Guy Johnson, the official successor of Sir William, convened at his home near Amsterdam, a conference with the Indians, mostly Mohawks, and later, after the result at Bunker Hill had alarmed him anew, fled to Oswego and thence to Canada. Nearly all the Mohawk Indians went with him, as well as a domestic force of about 500 white men, mainly Scotdh Highlanders, over whom he had …

Johnson was joined in Canada in the spring of the following year by his brother-in-law, Sir John Johnson, the son and heir of Sir William. Sir John had organized a force known as the Royal Greens, composed of loyalists from the New York frontier, and mainly former tenants and dependents of his father's estate. The Mdhawks, who alone of all the Six Nations had gone to Canada …

Thenceforth the responsibility for Indian activity in the Revolution rests mainly on Germaine. It was to him that Lord Chatham referred in a memorable speech on the American War : " But, my lord, who is the man, that, in addition to the disgrace and mischiefs of the war, has dared to authorize and associate to our arms the tomahawk and scalping knife of the savage ? To call …

At Oswego a counsel had been held a few weeks before, in order to enlist in British service the other " nations " of the Iroquois, who were assured that the King was a man of great power and that they should never want for food and clothing if they adhered to him. Rum, it was said, would be " as plentiful as water in Lake Ontario." Presents were made, and a bounty offered on …

They also became proportionately the heaviest losers and returned to their homes, not only with doleful shrieks and yells over their losses, but with a determined purpose to revenge themselves on the defenseless frontier. At what frightful cost to the Mohawk Valley they secured that revenge, the story of the ensuing four years bears ample witness. But, as I have said, the …

History has not done justice to the subject in telling flie story of Sullivan's expedition. There are few if any equally important events in our history of which the great majority of our people know so little. It was the most important military event of 1779, fully one-third of the Continental army being engaged in it. The campaign was carried on under great difficulties, was …

It was decided to send a strong expsdition against tlie Iroquois settlements, and utterly destroy their towns and crops, more especially in the territory of the Senecas and Cayugas. It was no small task to equip a large force and traverse an almost unknown, and altogether unmapped, wilderness whidh was wholly without roads, in the face of an active and vigilant as well as …

No doubt it was fortunate for the country that the command of the expedition devolved upon some other person than Gates Washington felt somewhat hurt at the tone of the letter he received from Gates, and in a communication to the President of Congress he said, " My letter to him on the occasion I believe you will think was conceived in very candid and polite terms, and merited …

Writing again of the expedition Washington said the purpose was " to cut off their settlements, destroy their crops, and inflict upon them every Other mischief which time and circumstances would permit." The purpose of the expedition was primarily to destroy the crops and villages of the Indians, after which Sullivan was to move forward and capture Niagara, if such action …

His presence in the southern portion of the Seneca country kept some of the Senecas from joining in the movement to oppose Sullivan and so lessened the Indian force at the battle of Newtown and possibly somewhat affected the expedition. The original intention was to have Brodhead join Sulhvan at Genesee and aid in the movement against Niagara, but as for some reason no …

The third brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General Edward Hand and was composed of the Fourtjh Pennsylvania regiment under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel William Butler; the Eleventh Pennsylvania under Lieutenant-Colonel Hubley; the German Battalion under Major Daniel Burchardt; an artillery regiment under Colonel Thomas Proctor ; Morgan's riflemen under Major James Parr …

Therefore the assembling of the forces constituting Sullivan's expedition will have to be treated in rather a general way. The New Hampshire regiments apparently wintered at Soldier's Fortune, about six miles above Peekskill, as diaries of various New Hampsiiire officers engtaged in the expedition mention marching from that point and I find no reference to any place occupied …

The next day was spent in rest at Bashesland (now West Brookville) near the Sullivan and Orange county line; from this point they marched to Port JerVis. On the 9th of M'ay they crossed the Delaware at Decker's Ferry, and from there marched to Easton. The New Jersey brigade had spent the previous winter at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, from which point they marched to Easton …

However, all the testimony goes to show that the commissary department was in charge of men who were either utterly incompetent or grossly negligent of their duty. On the 23rd of June Sullivan wrote Washington saying, "more than one-third of my soldiers have not a s'hirt to fheir backs." On the 30th of July Colonel Hubbard wrote to President Reed saying, " My regiment I fear …

Susquehanna rivers about a mile and a quarter above their junction at a point where the two streams were within a few hundred yards of each other. The center of the present village of Athens, Pa., is almost exactly at this point. Early in the spring Clinton with the First and Third New York regiments passed up the Mohawk to Canajoharie. From this point an expedition was sent …

During his passage down the Susquehanna, Clinton destroyed Albout, a Scotch Tory settlement on the east side of the Susquehanna, about five miles above the present village of Unadilla ; Conihunto, an Indian town about fourteen miles below Unadilla, on the west side of the river ; Unadilla, at the junction of the Unadilla with the Susquehanna ; Onoquaga, an Indian town situated …

The two forces having joined, all was in readiness for a forward movement. The expedition which at this time had its real beginning, all the previous movements having been in the nature of organization and preparation, was a remarkable one in that it was to pass over hundreds of miles of territory of which no reliable map had ever been made, through forests where no roads had …

Y., passed to Easton also, going through Chester, in Orange County, and down the Delaware River The New Jersey troops who had wintered at Elizabethtown, marched to Easton From this point the united forces marched to Wyoming, on the Susquehanna River. Here they were joined by some of the Pennsylvania troops and the whole force passed up the river to Tioga Point, where they …

From the foot of Seneca Lake a detachment was sent up the west shore a few miles to the Indian town of Kershong. Another detachment under Colonel Dearborn went up the west side of Cayuga Lake and joined the main body at Catherine's Town, at the head of Seneca Lake. A third detachment under Colonel William Butler went up the east side of Cayuga Lake and joined the main army at …

I have not been able to command from the duties of an exacting profession, the time required for the preparation of a Bibliography at all satisfactory, even to myself. Moreover, the attention I have been able to bestow upon it has been that of an amateur, which in these days of highly developed scholastic specialization, is very inadequate in results. It is presented, however …

The Public Library of Boston possesses only fourteen titles referring directly to this great march into the Indian country, and that is a larger number than is reported either in the New York Public Library or in the State Library at Albany, I desire to tender my thanks to Horace G. Wadlin, Librarian of the Boston Library, to Victor H. Paltsits, Assistant Librarian of the New …

The Military Services and Public Life of Major General John Sullivan of the American Revolutionary Army. 324 pp. Poptr. 8 vo. Wiggin & Lunt, Boston. J. Munsell, Albany, 1868. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SULLIVAN S EXPEDITION. 39 The Military Services of John SulHvan in the American Revokition, vindicated from recent historical criticism. Read at a meeting of the Massachusetts Historical …

Master Sullivan of Berwick, his Ancestors and Descendants. New England Historical and Genealogical Register. Vol. ! 19. pp. 289-306. The Old Sullivan Road. Pennsylvania Magazine. Vol. 11. p. 123. The Old Caneadea Council House and its Last Council Fire. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society. Vol. 6. pp. 97- 123. 8 vo. Buffalo, New York. Extracts from letters to a gentleman …

Blake, Thomas (Lieutenant First New Hampshire Regiment) : Journal. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 38-41. Same. History of the First New Hampshire Regiment in the War of the Revolution by Frederick Kidder. Joel Munsell. Albany. 186S. Bleeker, Captain Leonard : The Order Book of Captain Leonard Bleeker in the Early Part of the Expedition against the Indian Settlements of …

I. p. 142. 4 to. Boston, 1896. Bryant, William Clement: Captain ing- Brant and the Old King. The Tragedy of Wyom- Publications, Buffalo Historical Society. Vol. 4. pp. 15-34. 8 vo. Buffalo, New York. Burrowes, John (Major Fifth New Jersey Regiment) : Journal. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 43-51. Campbell, Douglass : Address. The Policy. Iroquois or Six Nations and New York's …

Jabez Campfield, Surgeon in Spencer's Regiment while attached to Sullivan's Expedition against the Indians. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 52-61. Same. New Jersey Historical Society Proceedings. Second Series. Vol. HL pp. 115-136, Same. Wyoming County (Penn.) Democrat, December 31st, 1873 to January 28th, 1874. (Five issues.) Chapman, Isaac A. : Wyoming Valley. A Sketch of …

Sparks. MSS. No. XH. Harvard College Collections. Congress, Journals of American, from 1774- 1788. 4 vols. 8 vo. Vol. HL pp. 212, 241, 242, 346, 347, 351, 375, 389, 390, 406. Washington, Way & Gideon. 1823. Cook, Frederick (Secretary of State) : New York Centennial Volume. Conover, George S. (Compiler) : Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan …

New York Centennial Volume, pp. 333-334. Address. A full and complete History of the Expedition against the Iroquois or Six Nations of New York in 1779, commanded by Major General John Sullivan, with Appendix, giving Loss of Men, Towns Destroyed, Washington's Instructions, and Biographical Sketches. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 336-386. Same. The Sullivan Campaign of 1779 …

Craig, Neville B. : The Olden Time. Vol. 2. pp. 308-317. Pittsburgh. 1848. Same. Vol. I. p. 308 et seq. 8 vo. Robert Clark & Co., Cincinnati. 1876. Dana, E. L. : Address. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 445-449. Davis, Andrew McFarland: Sullivan's Expedition against the Indians of New York, 1779. A letter to Justin Winsor. With the Journal of William McKendry, 45 pp. 8 vo …

Publications, Buffalo Historical Society. Vol. 7. p. 96. 8 vo. Buffalo, New York. Depeyster, J. Watts : Sullivan Centennial. New York Mail, August 26th, 1879. Celebrating the Anniversary of the Battle of Newtown. New York Mail, August 29th, 1879. The Sullivan Campaign. New York Mail, September 15th, 1879. 48 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. Doty, Lockwood L. : History of …

Fellows, Moses (Orderly Sergeant Captain Gray's Company Third New Hampshire Regiment) : Journal. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 86-91. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SULLIVAN S EXPEDITION. 49 Fogg, Jeremiah (Pa>-master and Captain (on roster) Second New Hampshire Regiment) : Journal of Major Jeremiah Fogg of Col. Poor's Regiment, New Hampshire, during the Expedition of General Sullivan in …

Burdick, New York. 1859. 53 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. Grant, George (Sergeant Major Third New Jersey Regiment) : A journey of the Marches, &c., completed by the Third Jersey Regiment and the rest of the Troops under the command of Major Sullivan in the Western Expedition. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 107-114. Same. Hazard's Register of Pennsylvania. Vol. 14 …

D. : History of the Town of Kirkland, New York. New York. 1874. Griffis. William Elliot, L. H. D. : Address. The History and Mythology of Sullivan's Expedition. Proceedings Wyoming Commemorative Association, pp. 9-38. Wilkes-Barre. 1903. New Hampshire's Part in Sullivan's Expedition of 1779. New England Magazine, Vol. 23. pp. 355-373. The Pathfinders of the Revolution. A Story …

Hamilton, John C. : History of the Republic of the United States of America. 2 Vols. Vol. I. pp. 543-544. 8 vo. D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1857. Hammond, Isaac W. : Rolls of the Soldiers of the Revolutionary War from New Hampshire. New Hampshire State Papers. Vol. 15. (War Rolls, Vol. 2.) Concord, N. H., i^ Hand, General Edward : Letter to Reed. September 25th, 1779 …

Hazard, Eben : Letter to Jeremy Belknap. Proceedings, Massachusetts Historical Society. Fifth Series. Vol. 2. pp. 23-36. Holmes, Abiel D. D. : Annals of America. 2 Vols, Vol. 2, p. 301 et seq. Cambridge, Mass. 1829. Hoops, Adam (Major. Third Aide-de-Camp to General Sullivan) : Letter to John Greig. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 3 10-3 11. Hubbard, John N. : Sketches of …

Easton, October i8th, 1779. (Announcing arrival and complaining as to want of teams) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series. Vol. 7. p. 755. Hubley, John : Letter to Reed. August 24th, 1779. (Report as to Expedition.) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series. Vol. 7. p. 667. Hunter, Colonel Samuel : Letter to Reed. August 4th, 1779. (Reports Sullivan started for Wyoming.) Pennsylvania …

Kidder, Frederick: History of the First New Hampshire Regiment in the War of the Revolution. Joel Munsell, Albany. 1868. Kirkland, Rev. Samuel (Chaplain Sullivan's Expedition) : Life of Rev. Samuel Kirkland, by S. K. Lothrop. Sparks Library of American Biography. Vol. XV. p. 246 et seq. Livermore, Daniel (Captain Third New Hampshire Regiment) : A Journal of the March of …

Maclay, William: Letter to Reed. July 26th, 1779. (Prospects of Northern Expedition.) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series. Vol. 7. p. 586. Letter to Council. July 30th, 1779. (As to fall of Ft. Freeland.) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series. Vol. 7. p. 597. Marshall, John: Life of Washington. Vol. 4. p. 105 et seq. 8 vo. Philadelphia. 1805. Mars'hall, Orasamus H. : The Niagara …

Vol. 2. p. 216 et seq. Charles Scribners, New York. i860. Moore, Jacob B. : A List of Manuscript Surveys by Robert Erskine, Geographer to the American Army, and Simeon DeWitt, in the Library of the New York Historical Society. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 291-292. Morgan, Lewis H. : League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee or Iroquois. 8 vo. Rochester. 185 1. Mcintosh, W. H …

Vol. 4. p. 454. Nesmith, George W. : Services of General Sullivan. Granite Monthly. Vol. i. pp. 325-330. New Hampshire, State of Rolls of the Soldiers of the Revolutionary War from New Hampshire. Compiled by Isaac W. Hammond. New Hampshire State Papers. Vol. 15. (War Rolls Vol. 2.) Concord, N. H. 1886. New Jersey, State of Official Register of the Officers and Men of New …

Hill's New Hampshire Patriot. September i6th, 1843, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Norton, A. Tiffany : History of Sullivan's Campaign against the Iroquois, Being a full account of that epoch of the Revolution. 200 pp. Portraits. Map, 8 vo. A, T. Norton, Lima, New York. 1879. Nourse, Joseph : Letter to General Lee, Collections, New York Historical Society, Vol, 6, pp. 383-385 …

Parker, Jennie Marsh : A Story Historical, pp. 412. p. 20, p. 235, 8 vo. Rochester, 1884. Parker, Robert (Lieutenant) : Journal. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 27. pp. 404-420. Vol. 28. pp. 12-25, Peabody, Oliver W. B. : John Sullivan. Sparks Library of American Biography. Series 2. Vol. 3 Peck, George, LL. D. : Wyoming, its History, Stirring Incidents …

Reed, Joseph (President State of Pennsylvania) : Letter to Sullivan. May 2ist, 1779. (Ans. Sullivan of nth.) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series, Vol. 7. pp, 427- 430. Same. June 3d, 1779. (As to Pennsylvania Troops guarding stores to Wyoming. Ans. May 26th and 31st, 1779,) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series. Vol. 7, pp. 457-8. Letter to Colonel Sam, Hunter, (As to guarding …

American Universal Magazine. Vol. i. pp. 390-399. Vol. 2. pp. 86-91. Roberts, Ellis H. : Address. Sullivan's Expedition and its Fruits. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 425-438. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SULLIVAN's EXPEDITION. 63 Roberts, Jatnes A. (Comptroller State of New York) : New York in the Revolution as Colony and State. Records discovered, arranged and classified in 1895 …

Portr. pp. 255-288. Harrisburg. 1893. Rogers, William (Sergeant Second New York Regiment) : Journal. New York Centennial Volume, p. 266. 64 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. Ryerson, Egerton, D. D., LL. D. : Loyalists of America. 2 Vols. Vol, 2. p. io8. 8 vo. Toronto and Montreal, i88o. Salmon, John : Journal. A Narrative of the Life of Mary Jemison, otherwise called the …

Shute, Samuel M. (Lieutenant Second New Jersey Reg-iment) : Journal and Notes made contemporaneously. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 267-274. Simms, Jeptha R. : History of Schoharie County and Border Wars of New York. pp. 672. 8 vo. Illustrated, p. 291 et seq. Munsell & Tanner, Albany. 1845. Frontiersmen of New York (Revision of the History of Schoharie County and Border Wars …

New York Centennial Volume, pp. 473-476. The Chronicle of his Expedition against the Iroquois in 1779 -- The devastation of the Genesee Country. Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, October 19th, 1779. Baltimore, Maryland. Same. The Military Services and Public Life of Major General John Sullivan, by Thomas C. Amory. p. 130. Same. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 296-305 …

Wyoming, July 30th, 1779. (Acknowledging news of loss of Ft. Freeland.) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series. Vol. 7. p. 594. Letter to Reed. Easton, October i8th, 1779. (Requisition for 100 Waggons.) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series. Vol. 7. p. 756. Same. Easton, October 23d, 1779. (Acknowledging action of Executive Council and declining as too late.) Pennsylvania Archives …

History of Buffalo and the Senecas, by Ketcham. Vol. 2. pp. 318-340. Trist, Elizabeth : Letters to General Lee. Collections, New York Historical Society. Vol. 6. pp. 381-382. Turner, O. : Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase of Western New- York, pp. 666. p. 277 et seq. 8 vo. Jewett^ Thomas & Co., Buffalo. 1849. History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorhams …

Washington, General George : Instructions to General Sullivan. Historical Magazine. Second Series. Vol. 2. pp. 139- 141. Letter to John Jay, President of Congress. Magazine of American History. Vol. 3. p. 142. Letter to War Council. July 5th, 1779. (As to Sullivan's disappointment as to Pennsylvania's assistance.) Pennsylvania Archives. First Series. Vol. 7. p. 535. Webb …

Held at Waterloo, September 3d, 1879. pp. 356. 8 vo. Plates. Portraits. Waterloo, New York, i^ Willett, William M. : A Narrative of the Military Actions of Colonel Marinus Willett. 8 vo. New York. 183 1. Williams, Rev. Dwight : Poem, Sullivan's Centennial. New York Centennial Volume, pp. 506-510. Winsor, Justin : Narrative and Critical History of America. 8 Vols. Houghton …

The intersection of lakes and streams, separated only by sihort portages, the continuous valleys being divided by no mountain barriers, offered unequalled facilities for intercommunication. Their custom of settling on both sides of a river or encircling a lake made the tribal boundaries well defined. One of the most interesting features of aboriginal geography was the location …

Upon the banks of the Susquehanna and its tributaries, which have their source near the Mohawk, and the banks of the Chemung, which has its source near the Genesee river, were other trails, all of which converged at the junction of these two rivers, forming the southern route, into Pennsylvania and Virginia. On these footpaths the Iroquois conducted war parties and became well …

To the Jesuit Fathers they were indebted for instruction in the art of cultivating fruit trees, as well as many of the vegetables which they raised in abund'ance ; also producing a fine quality of tobacco whence their original name, IREOKWA. The reports of Sullivan's officers speak of cornfields exceeding in quality and quantity anything they had been accustomed to in their …

They do not deserve the appellation of savages any more than kindred terms might be applied to their white successors. " Bury me with my fathers " was the last plea of the red man. Not until they had listened to the teaching of the whites did they view death with terror, or life as anything but a blessing. In ancient times they had a beautiful custom of freeing a captured bird …

The Iroquois manifested sufficient intelligence to promise a high degree of improvement had it been directed into right pursuits, although centuries of time might have been required to effect the change. But these institutions have a present value irrespective of what they might have become. Let us render ^ardy justice by preserving, as far as possible, their names, deeds and …

The business of the congress was conducted in a grave and dignified manner, the reason and judgment of the Chiefs being appealed to, rather than their passions. It was considered a breach of decorum for a sachem to reply to a speech on the day of its del'ivery, and no question could be decided without unanimous concurrence. Tlie sachems served without badge of office, their …

Thus they became factors in war or peace,, and were granted special rights in the concurrence or interference in the sale of lands, claiming that the land belonged equally to the tillers of the soil, and its defenders. The equality of rigihts granted women was one of the principal factors of strength in their confederacy, or union. Their orators studied euphony in the …

He was convinced that man was born free ; that no person had any right to deprive him of that liberty. Undoubtedly the reason for this was the absence from the Indian mind of a desire for gain -- that great passion of the white man -- " His blessing and his curse in its use and abuse." The hunter wants of the Indian, absence of property in a comparative sense, and the …

" It was wisely conceived by the untaught statesman of the forest, who had no precedents to consult, no written lore of ages to refer to, no failures or triumphs of systems of human governments to use as models or comparisons, nothing to prompt them but necessity and emergency." President D wight said, " Had they enjoyed the advantages possessed by the Greeks and Romans, there …

During the Revolutionary war, harassed as they were by roving bands instigated by the tribes to massacre and burn, the Colonial government authorized the Commander-inChief to administer punishment for the horrible atrocities committed at Wyoming and Cherry Valley. To obtain a complete, detailed account of the manner in which it was done, one has but to read the record of …

The colonists were particular'ly concerned regarding the attitude of the Iroquois, who were considered more dangerous than three times the number of civilized foes. The strong influence exerted by the Johnsons with their allies, the Mohawks, was dreaded. Subsequently these fears were proved well grounded. When the General Council was held by the Iroquois to consider the …

Had the influences been less powerful the Indians might still have remained the friend of the settlers as he had been during long years of peace. The indignation of Pitt in denunciation of the wrong done by the employment of Indians has made his name immortal. How different the policy of the American ! The offers of the Oneidas were courteously yet firmly refused. They only …

Realizing the country's condition and the great need of economy in public expenditures, Washington's policy for 1779 was to remain on the defensive, except as mig'ht be found necessary to hold the Indians in check. England's affairs in Europe at this time were such that she would not be apt to push her operations in America. Washington himself was an experienced Indian fighter …

Sir: -- The expedition you are appointed to command is to be directed against the hostile tribes of the Six Nations of Indians with their associates and adherents. The immediate object is their total destruction and devastation and the capture of as many persons of every age and sex as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops, now on the ground, and prevent their …

Strong contrast with t'he savage, cruel manner of Brant and Butler in their attacks upon peaceful settlers. When the Senecas returned after peace was declared, their respect for Ha-na-de-ga-na-ars (destroyer of villages), as Washington was called by them, was greatly strengthened. When Horatio Jones, Major Van Campen and others moved into their territory, they were kindly …

By reason of the location and small size of the border settlements and the great distance between detached dwellings, the inhabitants, from the very beginning of the Revolutionary struggle, were subject to constant attack by small bands of Indians, and Tories disguised as such, who murdered those who fell into their hands and burned and pdllaged their dwellings until none but …

On the first of April, 1779, Congress, in response to a letter of March 13th, from the Legislature of New York, passed a resolution authorizing an expedition against these marauders. The campaign was planned by the Commander-in-chief. Its execution was first offered to General Gates because of his seniority, but the offer was made in such a way that it could not be accepted …

It should be previously impressed upon the minds of the men, whenever they have an opportunity, to rush on with the war-whoop and fixed bayonet. Nothing will disconcert and terrify the Indians more than this." The forces were gathered in three divisions ; the principal and central one, rendezvouing at Wyoming, was composed of the three brigades of Maxwell, Poor, and Hand, and …

Proctor, who was in charge of the fleet; most accounts say 120), while 1,200 pack horses carried the baggage and camp utensils, and 700 beef cattle were driven along for food. Gordon, and some other British writers, have claimed that Sullivan demanded much more than he should in the way of supplies. Some of Sullivan's enemies at home made the same charge ; but it is a …

Tioga is said to mean anything between any other two things, a gate, the forks of a river, etc. (from Teyaogen, or Teiohogen). Van Curler in his Journal of 1634 speaks of the Mohawk's name of their great river as Vyoge. Father Jogues gave Oiogue as the Mohawk name for the Hudson, in 1646. Ohio is another corrupted form of the same word, and all seem to be corrupted from the …

The following night they encamped at a place the Indians called Quailutimack, meaning, " We came upon them unawares." On the 4th, it is related, they crossed a small creek, called where it joins the Susquehanna, Massasppi (missisipu), great river, this being a Delaware word meaning about the same as the Iroquois Oiogue. On the 5th the detachment lost three of its men, one …

In the meantime Fort Sullivan was erected, and a detachment sent up the Chemung River to destroy an Indian town of the sam.e name, consisting of about fifty houses, with more than 100 acres of cultivated fields of grain and other Indian produce. Some of the troops under General Hand, as they pursued the Indians who were fieeing from the village, fell into an ambush, whereby …

On my arrival at Tioga, I will immediately detach a considerc-ble body of light troops to favor and secure your march." Previous to this date Clinton had gathered his forces at Canajoharie and transported them to the shore of Otsego Lake, the level of which he had raised about two feet by erecting a dam, for the purpose of causing a flood which would float his expedition in …

In the center of the island he found the cellars and wells of about sixty houses, also fine orchards. Most of these buildings had been log houses, with stone chimneys and glass windows. Pawling did not arrive, but returned to Kingston on September 1st and reported his inability to join Clinton, owing to the swollen streams and bad roads. Proceeding on their way, the Right …

Here the light troops, which were marching ahead, discovered a breastworks, artfully masked by green bushes, extending for about half a mile, in an advantageous place, protected by a high mountain on one side, the river on the other, and a large creek in front, behind which the enemy were entrenched. Here occurred the most important fight of the campaign. The design of the …

But three companies of Morgan's riflemen, the pride of Wasbington, were in advance ;veterans of a hundred battles, and in no way inferior to the enemy in Indian craft ; and the ingenious device for drawing our forces into an ambush was thwarted. For hours the battle waged fiercely. By skillfully maneuvering his troops Sullivan had nearly succeeded in surrounding the enemy …

A trail of smoke by day and a ruddy glow on the sky at night told it too plainly. The scourge had fallen. Not only were the frontiers cleared but the doom of the Iroquoian Confederacy was sealed, and its dominion over the vast territory which it had so long ruled was destroyed forever. From the mountains of northern Pennsylvania, through the beautiful valley of the Susquehanna …

" It is with pleasure I inform Congress that this army has not suffered the loss of forty men, in action or otherwise, since my taking the command, though perhaps few troops have experienced a more fatiguing campaign. I flatter myself that the orders with which I was entrusted are fully executed, as we have not left a single settlement or field of corn in the country of the …

" 31st. -- Decamped at 8 o'clock, -- marched over mountainous ground until we arrived at the forks of Newtown -- there entered on a low bottom, (Tuttle's flats), crossed the Kayuga branch, (Newtown creek), and encamped on a pine plain. Much good land about Newtown. Here we left the Tioga branch to our left." September i. -- The army moved at 8 A. M. Several defiles and a large …

Encamped that night at Conoyah, a beautiful town situated between the Seneca and Kengah lakes -- distance between those lakes 8 miles. (Gansevoort writes it Kandaiah.) 6 -- Lay in encampment. This town is beautifully situated in several respects -- a fine level country -- some fine fields of corn, a fine apple orchard, about twenty houses -- ^situated about twenty miles from …

We found a white male child the enemy had left behind. 8. -- The army was employed in destroying corn, beans, fruit trees, &c. A detachmient sent to destroy a town about 12 miles from this town. (This was Cashong, Kashonguash, on tTie west side of the Seneca.) 9. -- All the sick and lame sent to Tioga. At 11 A. M. we marched, following the road that leads to Niagara. Marched …

Marched about 10 miles and encamped in the woods -- passed this day a small lake called Konyoughojoh. 13. -- Decamped at 6 A. M. Marched about two miles and halted at Adjustah. This town contains about 26 houses. While we halted at this town, Lieut. Boyd, with 20 men of the Rifle Corps, was sent to the next town to reconnoitre the enemy. On his return about 700 of the enemy …

This town is the metropolis of that nation ; contains about 140 houses. Some fine buildings in it ; situated about 40 miles from Niagara, on the south side of the Genesee river. The soil is exceedingly rich for 10 or 12 miles along the river. In and about this town, it was judged there were 800 acres of corn, beans, and vegetables of every kind. 15. -- The whole army was …

Butler, to destroy the Kengah tribe, and a party of 100 men under command of Col. Gansevoort to destroy part of the Mohawk tribe. Decamped at 3 P. M. and encamped on the east side of Seneca Lake. 21. -- A party of 100 men was detached under Col. Dearborn to destroy the towns on the west side of Kenkah lake. Decamped at 8 A. M., passed Candiah about three miles and encamped at …

The latter was discharged in the space of one minute and a half. Dried provisions, &c. (Colonel Gansevoort's Journal notes the proceedings of this day as follows : " Passed the swamp so much dreaded from its " badness, without any difficulty and arrived at the forks of New- " town, where Capt. Reed with a detachment of 200 men had thrown " up a breastwork to guard some stores …

After the discharge of 13 cannon, for our new ally the King of Spain, several oxen were killed for the officers and men. (Col. Gansevoort's Journal thus describes this atTair : "25. -- " This morning the small arms of the whole army were discharged " at 5 o'clock. The Vv'hole were drawn up in one line, with a field " piece on the right of each brigade, to fire a fen de joie …

Courtland, was employed in destroying corn up the river. 30 boats arrived from Tioga. 28. -- ^All the sick were sent to Tioga. The party under the command of Col. Butler, returned from destroying the Kengah tribe. They found a most beautiful country abounding in vast quantities of corn and vegetables of all kinds ; the same party under command of Col. Courtland, was employed …

The whole went on board the boats. The fleet got under way at 6 A. M. 6. -- The fleet got under way at 9 A. M. Arrived at evening at Shawney Flats. 7. -- The whole fleet got under way at 9 A. M., and arrived at Wyoming at 2 P. M. When it hove in sight 13 cannon were fired by the garrison and returned by the fleet. The army encamped near the garrison. 8. -- Two hundred men were …

The army moved that dav to Brink's Mills. SULLIVAN S CAMPAIGN. 93 14. -- Decamped at lo A. M. Passed the Wind Gap and encamped that night within 12 miles of Easton. 15. -- Decamped at 6 o'clock in the morning and arrived at Easton at 2 P. M. Encamped in the Forks of the Delaware on the bank of the Lehigh. 17. -- Our Brigade mustered. The Rev. Parson Evans delivered a …

I dare not dignify it by the title of a history of the Mohawks, because a true history of that notable people never has been or never can be written. It is true that " Colden's Five Nations," " Morgan's League of the Iroquois," and Schoolcraft's notes are looked upon as authority on this subject, but Morgan's work is in a great measure legendary and altogether unsatisfying …

The Onondaga is the longest and the Seneca the shortest version. I will give you, however, a condensed rendering of the Mohawk tradition. It says : " In the sky above were man-beings, both male and female, who dwelt in villages, and in one of the lodges was a man and woman, who were down-fended, that is, they were secluded, and their lodge was surrounded by the down of the …

" And while he lay there he recovered from his illness and turning on his side he looked into the hole. After a while he said to his wife : * Do thou look thither into the hole to see what things are occurring there in yonder place.' Arid as she bent her body to look into the hole he took her by the nape of the neck and pushed her and she fell into the hole and kept falling …

Loon, thereupon, said to him, ' Thou should float thy body above the place where thou art in the depths of the water.' And then as Great Turtle arose to the surface, a large body of ducks of various kinds arose from the face of the water, elevated themselves in a very compact body, and went up to meet her. And on their backs did she alight, and they slowly descended, bearing …

And they took this mud and coated the edge of Great Turtle's shell all around, and other muskrats dived and floated dead, but brought up mud, which was placed on Great Turtle's back. And the female man-being sat on the back of Great Turtle and slept. And when she awoke the earth had increased in size, and she slept again, and when she awoke, willows were growing along the edge …

" And when she examined one of the infants she found his flesh was nothing but flint and there was a sharp comb of flint over the top of his head, but the flesh of the other was in every respect like a man-being. " It seems that these two were antagonistic from their birth, the grandmother clinging to the flint child and driving the other into the wilderness ; and in his …

Returning shortly after he found them sleeping. Again and again he returned and still they slept. ' Thereupon he took a rib from each and substituted the one for the other and replaced each one in the other's body. It was not long before the woman awoke and sat up. At once she touched the breast of the man lying at her side, just where Sapling had placed her rib, and, of …

Their story of the deluge is practically as follows : This Messou went a hunting with lynxes, instead of dogs, and was warned that it would be dangerous for his lynxes in a certain lake near the place where he was. One day as he was hunting an elk his lynxes gave it chase even into the lake ; and when tihey reached the middle of it, they were submerged in an instant. When …

In fact it is said that he upholds the earth to this day. In one of the cases of the " Richmond collection " in the museum of the Montgomery County Historical Society, is an old rattle which can be traced back more than a hundred years. We have looked upon it as an interesting relic of the Senecas, a rude musical instrument. It is made from a turtle shell and skin, and in the …

We shall know in time what there is to it." It is said that in no Amerind (the word Amerind is a new word coined by the Bureau of Ethnology to take the place of the three words " North American Indian." You will notice that it is composed or formed from the first four letters of American and the first three letters of Indian) language, could the Jesuit Priests find a word to …

This idea they accepted, and altlioug'h they did not or could not give him tlie attributes of the Christian's God, the Great Spirit became " a distinct existence, a pervading power in the universe, and a dispencer of justice." This idea the Jesuits had to accept, although in exceptional cases, they seemed to impress their idea of God upon some of their converts while they had …

Parkman says : " The primative Indian believed in the immortality of the soul, and that skilful hunters, brave warriors, and men of influence went, after deafli, to the happy hunting-grounds, while the slothful, the cowardly, the weak were doomed to eat serpents and ashes in dreary and misty regions, but there was no belief that the good were to be rewarded for moral good, or …

It added half an empire to our domain, and, a century later, gave Edward Everett Hale opportunity to speak of Livingston as " the wisest American of his time," since " Franklin had died in 1780." When Livingston signed the Louisiana treaty he was fifty-six years of age, tall and handsome, with an abundance of hair already turning gray, which fell in ringlets over a square …

He lacked the creative genius of Hamilton, the prescient gifts of Jay, and the skill of Aaron Burr to marshal men for selfish purposes; but he was rt home in debate with the ablest men of ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON. lOI his time, a master of sarcasm, of trenchant wit, and of feUcitous rhetoric. It is likely that he lacked Kent's application. But of ninety-three bills passed by the …

His mortification that someone other than himself was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, made Hamilton's funding system, especially the proposed assumption of State debts, sufficient excuse for becoming an anti-federalist, and had he possessed those qualities of leadership that bind party and friends by ties of unflinching service, he might have reaped …

George Clinton t'houglit the Presidency would come to him, and Hamilton inspired Jay with a similar notion ;but Livingston, sanguine of better treatment, was willing, for the sake of undertaking it, voluntarily to withdraw from the professional path along which he had moved to great distinction. The personal qualities which seemed to unfit Livingston for political leadership …

" Such proof on the part of France of good will toward the United States," he wrote Livingston, in September, 180 1, " would contribute to reconcile the latter to France's possession of New Orleans." But when, a year later, a French army, commanded by Leclerc, Napoleon's brother-in-law, had devastated St. Domingo and aroused the hostility of American merchants and shipmasters …

As the year wore on, however, and Leclerc's death followed his report of his losses, Jefiferson became much easier, advising Livingston that French possession of Louisiana v/ould not be '* important enough to risk a breach of the peace." But before the ink had time to dry, almost simultaneously with the death of Leclerc, came the news, through Governor Claiborne of the …

The treaty of 1795 stipulated that the King of Spain would " permit the citizens of the United States, for the space of three years from this time, to deposit their merchandise and effects in the Port of New Orleans, and to export them from thence, without paying any other duty than a fair price for the hire of the stores, and his majesty promises either to continue this …

" Peace is our passion," he wrote Sir John Sinclair, and in the presence of threatening hostilities he did nothing to prepare for war. His message to Congress, which opened a few days after the reception of Claiborne's dispatch, made no mention of the New Orleans trouble. He talked about everything else, but- of what everybody else was talking about the President said nothing …

In the western country it is natural and grounded on honest motives ; in the seaports it proceeds from a desire for war, which increases the mercantile lottery ; among federalists generally, and especially those of Congress, the object is to force us into war if possible, in order to derange our finances ; or, if this cannot be done, to attach the western country to them as to …

" In spite of affinities in manners and languages," said the Secretary of State, " no colony beyond the river could exist under the same government, but would infallibly give birth to a separate state, having in its bosom germs of collision with the east, the easier to develop in proportion to the very affinities between the two empires." This explained the true attitude of …

In other words, Jefferson saw only New Orleans ; he wanted only New Orleans and peace ; and to get the one and keep the other, Monroe was sent to Paris to secure " our rights and interests in the river Mississippi and in the territories eastward thereof." In the meantime Livingston had taken a different view. It is not clear that he appreciated the future value of the great …

France can have but three objects in the possession of Louisiana and Florida : The first is the command of the Gulf ; second, the supply of her islands ; third, an outlet fior the people, if her European population should be too gresLt for her territory." " Having treated this subject more at large in a paper which you have had the goodness to read," Livingston continued, " I …

This cession will only be valuable to the latter from its giving them the mouths of the river Mobile and other small rivers which penetrate their territory, and in calming their apprehensions relative to the Mississippi. It may be supposed that New Orleans is a place of some moment ; it will be so to the United States, but not to France. The right of depot which the United …

France, by grasping at a desert and an insignificant tow.i, and thereby throwing the weight of the United States into the scale of Britain, will render her mistress of the new world. By the possession of Louisiana and Trinidad the colonies of Spain will lie at her mercy. By expelling France from Florida and possessing the ports on the Gulf, she will command the Islands. The …

A glance at the map shows that he offered to purchase half an empire, leaving to France only a small corner in the southwest bordering on Texas. His argument fixed its limitation. " First, let France cede to the United States so much of Louisiana as lay above the mouth of the river Arkansas, West Florida, NewOrleans, and the territory on the west bank of the ^Mississippi." …

Such a discussion at such a time, therefore, was certain to have the most profound influence, and from January 10 to April 10, 1803, Livingston kept his reasons constantly before the First Consul and his ministers as the only policy to conserve the true interest of France, to impair the strength of England, and to win the affection of the United States. " I have never yet had …

I have dwelt upon the importance of a friendly intercourse between them and us, both as it respects their commerce and the security of their islands ; and I have proposed to them the relinquishment of New Orleans and West Florida as far as the River Perdito, together with all the territory lying to the north of the Arkansas, under an idea that it was necessary to interpose us …

For three months he had considered it ; but not until Sunday, April lo, did he make known his intention ; then, in a moment, without warning, he let his desire be known to Talleyrand and Marbois. " I can scarcely say that I cede it," said Napoleon, " for it is not yet in our possession. If, however, Ileave the least time to our enemies, I shall only transmit an empty title." …