Ruttenber, E.M. Footprints of the Red Men: Indian Geographical Names in the Valley of Hudson's River, the Valley of the Mohawk, and on the Delaware. Published in the Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association, Vol. VI. 1906.

Menagnock, the record name of what has long been known as "The Great Mennirsincks Island" -- "The Great Island of the Mennisinks" -- is probably an equivalent of Menach'hcnak (Minsi) meaning "Islands." The island, so called, is a flat cut up by water courses, forming several small islands. Namenock, an island so called by Rev. Casparus Freymout in '^72)7^ is probably an …

It is an equivalent of Machaak-sok,^ meaning, "The great outlet," or mouth of a river. Although specific in application to the mouth of the river, it is more strictly the name of the stream than that which it now bears. (See JViagaat-Ramis.) Maghagh-kamieck, so written in patent to Arent Schuyler in 1694, and described therein as "A certain tract of land at a place called …

In general terms its boundaries are described in the patent as extending from "The western bounds of the lands called Nepeneck to a small run of water called by the Indian name Assawaghkemek, and so along the same and the lands of Mansjoor, the Indian." It matters not that in later years it was reported by a commission that the patent "Contained no particular botmdaries, but …

dian settlement in the Journal of Arent Schuyler, in 1694, giving an account of his visit to the Minissinck country, in February of that year, in which the orthography is M agha gh-kaniieck , indicating very clearly that the original was Maghk-aghk-kamighk , a combination of Maghaghk, "Pumpkin,'' and -kamik, "Field," or place limited, where those vegetables were cultivated …

Nepeneck, a boundmark so called in the Swartwout-Coddebeck Patent of 1697 -- Napenock, Napenack, Napenough, later forms -- given as the name of the western or southwestern bound of the Maghaghkamick tract, is described: "Beginning at the western bounds of the lands called Nepeneck." The place is presumed to have been at or near Carpenter's Point, on the Delaware, which at …

in, "To a small run of water called Assawaghkemek ■" * and so along the same and the lands of Mansjoor, the Indian," is known by settlement, to have been at and belozv the junction of Basha's Kill and the Neversink, from which the inference seems to be well sustained that "the lands of Mansjoor, the Indian" were the lands or valley of Basha's Kill, which the name describes as …

Peenpack, (Paan, Paen, Pien, Penn) is given, traditionally, as the name of a "Small knoll or rise of ground, some fifty or sixty rods long, ten wide, and about twenty feet high above the level of" Neversink River, "on and around which the settlers of the Maghaghkamik Patent first located their cabins." It has been preserved for many generations as the name of what is known as …

Sokapach, traditionally the name of a spring in Deerpark, means, "A spring." It is an equivalent of Sokapeek, "A spring or pool." 2 26 INDIAN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Neversink, the name quoted as that of the stream flowing to the Delaware at Carpenter's Point, is not a river name. It is a corruption ofLenape Newds, "A promontory," and -ink, locative, meaning "At the promontory." …

The tract is described in the patent : "Situated upon a river called Mennissincks, before a certain island called Menagnock, which is adjacent to or near a tract of land called by the natives Maghaghkamek." (See Menagnock.) Warensagskemeck, a tract also conveyed to Arent Schuyler in 1697, described as "A parcel of meadow or vly, adjacent to or near a tract called …

Delaware within the limits of the old county of Orange. He sold the land to one John Decker, and removed to Duchess County. No abstract of title from Decker has been made, and proba'bly cannot be. Decker's name, however, appears in records as one of the first settlers, in company with William Cole and Solomon Davis, in what was long known as "The Lower Neighborhood" ; in New …

In one grave was found a sheet-iron tobacco-box containing a handkerchief covered with hieroglyphics probably reciting the owner's (achievements. Toma'hawks, arrow-heads and other implements have also been found in graves. The place was long known as "Penhausen's Land," from one of the grantors of the deed. The cavern may have had some connection with the burial ground …

The settlement was primarily a trading post which gathered in the neighborhood of the Groot Yaugh Huys (Dutch, "Great Hunting House"), a large cabin constructed by the Indians for their accommodation when on hunting expeditions,'^ and subsequently maintained by Europeans for the accommodation of hunters and travelers passing over what was known as the "Mamacottin path," a …

If the word was -oten it would refer to the trading post or town, as in "Otcniiik, in the town" (Hecke welder), and, with the pre'fix Mamak (Mamach, German notation), root Mach, "evil, bad, naughty" {Mamak, iterative), would describe something that was very bad in the town ; but, if the word was -atin, "Hill or mountain," the name would refer to a place that was at or on a …

"Where the twin branches of the Delaware Glide into one, and in their language call'd Chihockcn, or "the meeting of the floods" ;^ the "Willemoc," " and "The Falls of the Mongaup," are also among Street's poetical productions. Shawanoesberg was conferred on a hill in the present town of Mamakating, commemorative of a village of the Shawanoes who settled here in 1694 on …

Land Papers, 699, occurs the entry : "The Beaver Kill or Whitenaughwemack." The date is 1785. The orthography bears evidence of many years' corruption. It may have been shortened to Willewemock and Willernoc, and stand for IVilamochk, "Good, rich, beaver." It was, presumably, a superior resorl; for beavers. ^ Basha's Kill w^ts applied to Mamcotten Kill north of the village of …

Mongaup, given as the name of a stream which constitutes in part the western boundary of Orange County, is entered on Sauthier's map, "Mangawping or Mangaup." Quinlan (Hist. Sullivan County) claimed for it also Mingapochka and Mingwing, indicating that the stream carried the names of two distinct places. Mongaup is a compression of Dutch M ondgauzvpink , meaninp^ …

Callicoon, the name of a town in Sullivan County, and of a stream, is an anglicism of Kalka^n (Dutch), "Turkey" -- "Wilde Kalkoen, "Wild turkey" -- in application, "Place of turkeys." The 'A. S. Gatschet, of the Bureau of Ethnology, wrote me: "The Bashas, Bashebas and Betsebas of old explorers of the coast of Maine, I explain by pe'sks, 'one,' and a' pi, 'man,' or person …

Map, i, 586.) Colonel Hathorn passed over part of this path in 1779, in pursuit of Brant, and was disastrously defeated in what is called "The Battle of Minnisink." Cochecton, the name of a town and of a village in Sullivan County, extended on early maps to an island, to a range of hills, and to a fall or rift in the Delaware River, is written Cashieghtunk and in other forms …

Y., iv, 177.) In the Treaty of Easton, 1758, the Indian title to land conveyed to New Jersey is described : "Beginning at the Station Point between the Province of New Jersey and New York, at the most northerly end of an Indian settlement on the Delaware, known by the name of Casheitong." Station Point, called also Station Rock, is about three miles southeast of the present …

Die.) ; Geschiechton, Zeisberger, verbal noun, "To wash," "The act of washing," as by the "overflow of the water of a sea or river. * * The river washed a valley in the plain"; with suffix -itnk {K' schiechton-unk -- compressed to Cushetunk), denoting a place where the action of the verb was performed, i. e. a place where at times the land is washed or overflowed by water …

Thompson, Major Swartwout, Adam Wisner, interpreter, and two Indians as pilots, for the purpose of ascertaining the cause of the removal ; that the delegation found the residents composed of two totemic families, Wolves and Turkeys; that, having lost their sachem, they were debating "Out of which tribe a successor should be chosen" ; that they had removed from Goshen through …

The lands were ultimately included in the Hardenberg Patent, and most of the Indian descendants of its founders of 1744 followed the lead of Brant in the Revolution. They probably deserved a better fate than that which came to tliem. They are gone. The long night with its starless robe has enveloped them in its folds -- the ceaseless wash of the waters of the Delaware upon the …

" Within the first reach, where the land is low, there dwells a nation of savages named Tappaans. * * The second reach extends upward to a narrow pass named by our people Haverstroo; then comes Seyl-maker's (Zeil-maker's, sail-maker's) reach, as they call it ; and next, a crooked reach, in the form of a crescent, called Koch's reach (Cook's reach). Next is Hooge-rack (High …

Then follow Backer-rack, John Playser's rack and Vaster rack as far as Hinnenhock. Finally, the Herten-rack (Deer-rack) succeeds as far as Kinderhoek. Beyond Kinderhoek there are several small islands, one of which is called Beeren Island (Bear's Island). After this we come to a sheltered retreat named On wee Ree ( Ofiwereen, to thunder, Ree, quick, sudden thunder storms), and …

Achquetuck 177 Casperses Creek 44 Achsinink 148 Cataconoche 80 Ackinckes-hacky 104 Catskill 170 Adirondacks 187 Caughnawaga 213 Aepj in ( Sachem) 59 Caumset 96 Agwam (Agawam) 83 Cawaoge 215 Ahashewaghick 51 Cayudutta 214 Ahasimus 106 Cheesek-ook 117 Aioskawasting 146 Chihocken 229 Alaskayering 148 Chouckhass 133 Albany 178 Ciskhekainck 56 Alipkonck 26 Claverack 55 Amagansett …

Hackmgsack 104 Lake Champlain 72 Hahnakrois 177 Lake George 71 Hashamomuck 99 Lake Tear-of-the-clouds 185 Hashdisch 140 Little Falls 217 Haverstraw 124 Longhouse Creek 137 Hoboken 107 Machackoesk 58 Hog's Island 96 Hohokus .115 Machawameck 175 Honk Falls 166 'Masfaat-Ramis 152 Hoosick River (fj MagPtsoot 322 Hopcogues 85 Magdalen Island 46 Horikans 71 Maggeanapogli « 151 …

I.) -jj, Kittatinny 31 s 168 Koghkehaeje (Coxackie) 176 Mattapan 44 Koghsaraga 188 Matteawan 37 Koxing Kil 168 Mattituck 84 Mawe-nawas-igh ,. . 38 Lackawack Mawichnauk 53 INDEX. Mawighanuck 58 Nanoseck 161 Mawignack 171 Napanoch 167 Mattasink 120 Napeak 76 Meenahga 230 Narranshaw 116 Meghkak-assin 24 Narratschoan Errata iMenagnock 222 Narrioch 90 Menagh 29 Navers-ing 165 …

Mawighanuck 58 Nanoseck 161 Mawignack 171 Napanoch 167 Mattasink 120 Napeak 76 Meenahga 230 Narranshaw 116 Meghkak-assin 24 Narratschoan Errata iMenagnock 222 Narrioch 90 Menagh 29 Navers-ing 165 Menisak-congue 122 Navish 28 Memanusack 94 Nawas-ink 124 Memorasink 143 Nepeneck 224 Merick 87 Nepah-komuk 23 Mespaechtes 94 Neperah (Nipproha) 23 Metambeson 46 Nepestek-oak 177 …

Passapenoc 6i Rappoos • 153 Patchogue 81 Pattkoke 55 Raritangs Reckgawank .*. 102 Peakadasank 146 Rechqua-akie 87 Peconic 83 Rennaquak-onck 92 Peekskill 30 R'ockaway 87 Peenpack 225 Roelof Jansen's Kill 47 Peningo 33 Ronkonkoma 100 Peppjiieghek 29 Runboldt's Run 133 Pequaock (Oyster Bay) 98 Pequannock iii Sachus (Sachoes) 30 Peram-sepus 112 Sacondaga » 184 Perth Amboy 102 …

Wahamanesing 39 Sint-Sink 95 Skoonnenoghky 123 Wallabout Bay 91 Sleepy Hollow 26 Wallam 41 Sohanidisse 215 Wallumsch-ack 64 Sokapach 225 Walpack 228 Wanaksink 144 t So'was'set 99 U Speonk 79 Wapemwatsjo 58 Spuyten Duyvil 21 Wappingers' Creek 39 S'tigh'cook 176 Waragh-kameck 46 Stissing 43 Waranawonkongs 155 Stoney Point 123 Waranecks ^ . . 38 Succabonk 36 Waronawanka 155 …

It should have been assigned to Butter Hill, and Klinkersberg should have been assigned to the Donderberg. Klinkers is from Dutch Klinken, "To sound, to resound." It describes, with the suffic -berg, a hard stone mountain or hill that resounds or echoes -- Echo Hill. Narratschoan, the name of Butter Hill, is from Nai, "It is angular, it corners" -- "having corners or angles." …